Effects of exercise on cellular and tissue aging

source: https://www.aging-us.com/article/203051/pdf

ABSTRACT
The natural aging process is carried out by a progressive loss of homeostasis leading to a functional decline in
cells and tissues. The accumulation of these changes stem from a multifactorial process on which both external
(environmental and social) and internal (genetic and biological) risk factors contribute to the development of
adult chronic diseases, including type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2D). Strategies that can slow cellular aging include
changes in diet, lifestyle and drugs that modulate intracellular signaling. Exercise is a promising lifestyle
intervention that has shown antiaging effects by extending lifespan and healthspan through decreasing the
nine hallmarks of aging and age-associated inflammation. Herein, we review the effects of exercise to
attenuate aging from a clinical to a cellular level, listing its effects upon various tissues and systems as well as
its capacity to reverse many of the hallmarks of aging. Additionally, we suggest AMPK as a central regulator of
the cellular effects of exercise due to its integrative effects in different tissues. These concepts are especially
relevant in the setting of T2D, where cellular aging is accelerated and exercise can counteract these effects
through the reviewed antiaging mechanisms.

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