#quantumphysics

waynerad@diasp.org

"A short-haul aircraft in the United Kingdom recently became the first airborne platform to test delicate quantum technologies that could usher in a post-GPS world--in which satellite-based navigation (be it GPS, BeiDou, Galileo, or others) cedes its singular place as a trusted navigational tool."

"At the core of Infleqtion's technology is a state of matter called a Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC), which can be made to be extremely sensitive to acceleration."

That's... crazy.

"The best inertial systems in the world, based on ring laser gyroscopes, or fiber-optic gyroscopes, can...maintain a nautical mile of precision over about two weeks of mission."

"Max Perez, vice president for strategic initiatives at the Boulder, CO-based company Infleqtion, expects Infleqtion to be able to either maintain the same nautical-mile precision over a month or more mission time -- or, conversely, increase the sensitivity over a week's mission to something like one-tenth of a nautical mile."

That's nothing compared with GPS. And making Bose-Einstein condensate (BEC) is super hard. So, I think this is not the future. But it's an amazing idea. Maybe it can be used in the future for spacecraft? Anything traveling beyond Earth's orbit won't be able to use GPS anyway.

Quantum navigational tech takes flight in new trial

#solidstatelife #quantumphysics #boseeinsteincondensate #bec #navigation #accelerometer

waynerad@diasp.org

Asteroid with elements beyond the periodic table. Well, apparently the asteroid 33 Polyhymnia, which is located in the main belt between Mars and Jupiter, isn't the only "compact ultradense object" that's been found, it's just the heaviest. According to this article, the densest stable element is osmium (element 76 on the periodic table). I did not know that. They key word is that sentence is "stable". The periodic table goes up to element 118, now called Oganesson, which is the heaviest element ever synthesized on Earth. But if density calculations on these "compact ultradense objects", including 33 Polyhymnia, are correct, then in order to be as dense as they are, have to contain heavier elements.

Osmium has a density of 22.59 g/cm^3, about twice that of lead. According to the article, the researchers made a mathematical model that suggests an element that would be element 164 on the periodic table would have a density between 36.0 and 68.4 g/cm^3.

But the asteroid 33 Polyhymnia has a density of about 75 g/cm^3.

I have to admit, I just don't see how this is possible. How does something as small as an asteroid have enough gravity to become compact enough to create these kinds of densities?

If you're wondering about the mathematical model, they say, "We solve numerically the relativistic Thomas-Fermi model of an atom."

I never heard of the Thomas-Fermi model so I looked it up. The basic idea is that instead of calculating the wave function for every electron, such you would do with the Schrödinger equation, you treat the electron density as a continuous distribution. As the number of electrons goes up, trying to calculate every electron, such as with the Schrödinger equation, gets harder and harder, but the Thomas-Fermi model actually gets more and more accurate. So it's the way to go for elements with boatloads of electrons. Accuracy is further improved by taking into account relativistic effects for fast-moving electrons.

Beyond the periodic table: Superheavy elements and ultradense asteroids

#astronomy #chemistry #quantumphysics