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nowisthetime@pod.automat.click
nowisthetime

Large Solar Eruption and Earth Directed #CME - Geomagnetic Storm Watch
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FCPTEdFm6Zo

Two dark plumes of plasma flew into space on July 21st when a magnetic filament connected to sunspot AR3757 erupted. Shortly after the blast, SOHO coronagraphs recorded a halo CME leaving the sun. A preliminary NASA model of the CME predicts it will hit Earth during the late hours of July 24th.

NOAA/SWPC issued a moderate (G2) geomagnetic storm watch for July 24th when a CME is predicted to pass #Earth.

A NOAA model suggests that the CME could arrive as early as 0200 UT on July 24th.

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#CME PEPPERS #EARTH WITH HARD PROTONS: Something just exploded on the farside of the #sun --and it managed to touch Earth. Debris from the blast emerged in the form of a full halo CME, shown here in a movie from the Solar and Helospheric Observatory (SOHO):

Shock waves at the leading edge of the CME are accelerating protons and spraying them throughout the #solarsystem. Some of those protons are raining down on Earth right #now. NOAA's GOES-18 satellite is monitoring an intensifying S1-class solar radiation storm rich in "hard protons" with energies > 100 MeV.

Hard protons are good at charging spacecraft bodies, fogging their cameras, and causing reboots of onboard computers. Indeed, you can see a hint of the "fog" in the SOHO movie above. Each speckle is a hard proton striking the spacecraft's digital camera.

Europe's Solar Orbiter (SolO) #spacecraft is going to get good data on this event. A NASA model of the CME predicts that it will directly hit SolO on July 24th.

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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Yesterday, Argentine astronomer Eduardo Schaberger Poupeau was photographing the #sun when one of the biggest prominences in years leaped into space. "As I watched, the plasma fountain kept growing and reached an impressive height of more than 380,000 km, more than the distance between Earth and the Moon!" he says.

"This solar phenomenon was truly spectacular," says Poupeau. "Extending like a serpent of fire, the magnitude and beauty of the prominence left me in awe, reminding me once again of the majesty and power of the universe around us."

On its way out of the sun's atmosphere, the prominence entrained a #CME and hurled it into space: movie. The CME won't hit Earth, but it will strike Mercury during the late hours of July 18th.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#Sunspot AR3664, the source of the historic May 10th superstorm, has spent the past two week's transiting the farside of the #sun. Yesterday, it announced its return with an #X2.8-class #solarflare. Amateur #astronomer Michael Karrer was watching the sun when the #explosion occured, and he captured this #picture of flying debris:

"I have not seen an explosion like this in my 40 years of observing the sun," says Karrer. "So fast, so far out into space! It was gigantic."

The explosion caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over east Asia and hurled a bright #CME into #space. A NASA model of the CME confirms that it will miss Mercury, Venus and Earth. None of the inner planets will be affected by this powerful event.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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It just blew. A filament of magnetism more than 400,000 km long lifted off the surface of the sun on May 23rd (0300 UT). It happened just hours after we predicted an eruption was in the offing:

The eruption was relatively gentle, but images from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory suggest it carved a "canyon of fire" in the sun's atmosphere. This usually means a #CME will emerge from the mouth of the canyon. Will it hit Earth? We don't yet know if the CME even exists. Confirmation awaits fresh data from SOHO coronagraphs.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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THE STRONGEST #X-FLARE YET: Giant sunspot AR3664 unleashed another X-flare today (May 11th @ 0139 UT)--its strongest yet. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured a bright #ultravolet #flash from the category #X5.8 #explosion:

#Radiation from the flare caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean. Ham radio operators and mariners may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 30 MHz for as much as an hour after the flare's peak.

We don't yet know if this flare hurled a #CME into space. If it did, it could have a grazing Earth-directed component.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

THE STORM IS NOT OVER: A #CME hit #Earth's #magnetic field on May 10th, sparking the biggest #geomagnetic #storm in almost 20 years--an extreme (category G5) event. It is subsiding now (currently category G3), but it is not over. More CMEs are expected to hit Earth's magnetic field during the next 24-48 hours, and they could push the storm back to severe or even extreme levels

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X-ray Solar Flares
6-hr max: M4 0220 UT May11
24-hr: X5 0123 UT May11
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#X-FLARE CHAMPION OF SOLAR CYCLE 25: Active sunspot AR3663 produced two more X-flares today, a pair of X1's on May 8th at 0145 UT and 0509 UT. This makes it the most active sunspot of #Solar #Cycle 25 so far.

Since May 3rd, AR3663 has tallied six X-flares, more than any other #sunspot in the past 7 years. It may continue to run up the score as it approaches the sun's western limb later this week.

EARTH-DIRECTED #CME: A CME is coming. It was hurled into space earlier today by a roiling series of explosions in the magnetic canopy of giant sunspot AR3664. This movie from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory shows the CME leaving the sun bracketed by Venus (right) and Jupiter (left):

A NOAA forecast model predicts the CME will reach Earth late on May 10th, sparking G1- to G2-class geomagnetic storms on May 11th.
#sun
A second CME might be following close behind this one. You can see a hint of it emerging near the end of the movie,
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: #X4 0635 UT May06
24-hr: X4 0635 UT May06

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A #CME expected to hit #Earth on May 5th appears to have arrived right on time. Solar wind data suggest a close encounter around 1800 UT in good accord with NASA and NOAA predictions. The resulting G1-class geomagnetic storm sparked mid-latitude auroras in Europe:

" #Auroras surprisingly appeared here in the Czech Republic at latitude +50 N," reports photographer Petr Horálek at the Institute of Physics in Opava. "They were visible to the naked eye despite the cirrus clouds."

This might not have been a direct hit. Normally, on-target CMEs produce a sharp discontinuity in the speed of solar wind blowing around our planet. Not this time. Instead, a gentle ripple of south-pointing magnetism washed over the Earth for several hours--typical of near-miss CMEs that catch us in their wake.

More CMEs may be on the way. Yesterday's flurry of X- and M-class solar flares from hyperactive sunspot AR3663 probably hurled some debris toward Earth. Confirmation awaits overdue coronagraph data from SOHO

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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SUNSPOT CAN'T SHOOT STRAIGHT: Over the weekend, giant sunspot complex AR3638-47 hurled at least 6 CMEs into space--all of them heading just south of Earth. NASA models forecast near-miss after near-miss. Finally, however, an explosion occured that may be Earth directed:

This M3.4-class solar flare from AR3638 during the late hours of April 21st (2152 UT) may have produced a partial-halo #CME with an Earth-directed component.
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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An overdue #CME struck #Earth's #magnetic #field on March 3rd. The impact sparked a #G2-class #geomagnetic #storm and bright #auroras around the Arctic Circle. Jan Eklind photographed the display from the window seat of an Airbus A20N at 35,000 feet:
"I was flying from Oslo to Kirkenes on Scandinavian Airlines when the CME struck," says Eklind. "Auroras spread across the sky with twilight in the distance and city lights below."

The CME was hurled into space on Feb. 28th when a magnetic filament connected to sunspot AR3592 erupted. It was not aimed directly at Earth, and forecasters were unsure if it would deliver even a glancing blow; however, the impact was stronger than expected.
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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"This was quite the event, and extremely challenging to image," says Schur. Indeed, Vega is 4000 times brighter than the comet. Schur captured both in the same exposure as the pair sank into the treetops overlooking his backyard observatory.

12P/Pons-Brooks is the most active and arguably the most interesting comet in the entire solar system. Ice volcanoes on the comet's surface have erupted at least 5 times on 2023, creating "horns," dark shadows, and multiple shells of expanding debris. All of these features are visible in Schur's photo.

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' #SIGMOID' #ERUPTION ON THE SUN: When you see an "S" on the #sun, it usually means something is about to explode. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded this classic example of a "sigmoid eruption" on Dec. 6th:

In the movie, an S-shaped magnetic filament erupts, creating a 'splash' of debris more than 100,000 km wide. Researchers have long known that sigmoid structures in the sun's atmosphere herald strong explosions. The magnetic field lines that comprise them are twisted like a slinky; when enough tension builds up, they un-twist explosively.

Usually, sigmoid explosions produce CMEs. This one might have hurled a faint CME toward Earth. We're not sure because multiple CMEs were leaving the sun at the time of the blast, and there was much confusion. Don't be surprised if a sigmoid #CME delivers a weak but direct blow to #Earth's magnetic field on Dec. 9th.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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A HOLE IN THE SUN'S ATMOSPHERE: A huge hole has opened in the sun's atmosphere, and it is directly facing Earth. Solar wind flowing from the hole will reach our planet on Dec. 4th or 5th. Its arrival should spark G1-class geomagnetic storms. #Aurora alerts: SMS Text

STRONG GEOMAGNETIC STORM: A Cannibal #CME struck Earth's magnetic field on Dec. 1st, sparking a strong G3-class #geomagnetic #storm with auroras in both hemispheres. "We witnessed an incredible show on the #Canterbury #coastline overlooking the Pacific Ocean," reports Mike White from #NewZealand. "The sound of waves crashing onto the beach and washing across the stony pebbles created the perfect soundtrack for these Southern Lights."
"The Cannibal CME arrived just as New Zealand skies were darkening. The resulting cloud of charged particles rained down Earth's magnetic field lines and delivered a light show that lasted for hours. It was easily visible to the naked eye."

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#Auroras were observed as well -- "and they were INSANE," says Janne Maj Nagelsen, who watched the display from Stamnes, Vaksdal, #Norway:

"I have never seen such strong auroras," says Nagelsen. "Not to mention the colors. I mean look at the picture! They were totally, literally insane."

Auroras are caused by charged particles raining from space down upon Earth's atmosphere. Unlike SAR arcs, which are pure red, auroras can have a rich and stunning variety of colors. Both phenomena may be photographed on Dec. 1, 2023, when a #Cannibal #CME is #expected to hit #Earth.

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#CME IMPACT SPARKS EUROPEAN #AURORAS: A CME struck Earth's magnetic field on Nov. 25th, sparking 15 hours of geomagnetic storms. At the apex of the G2-category event, auroras were observed across most of Europe, visible to the naked eye despite nearly full moonlight. Graeme Whipps, who sends this picture from Aboyne, Aberdeenshire, #Scotland (+57N):

Note that Whipps' photo includes a vertical band of rare orange auroras. "What an incredible sight!" Whipps says.

Usually, when auroras visit Europe, they stop in places like Scotland, going no farther south. On Nov. 25th, however, the lights descended all the way to Italy

https://spaceweather.com/

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