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nowisthetime@pod.automat.click
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Major Network Outages | #Solar #Flare Impact?

Source: https://youtube.com/watch?v=Y6NyZKb51Gk
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THREE #X-FLARES, ZERO CMES: Giant sunspot AR3590 is living up to the hype. In only 23 hours spanning Feb. 21-22, the active region unleashed three powerful X-class solar flares (X1.8, X1.7 and X6.3). The X6.3 flare is the strongest of Solar Cycle 25, so far, and the most powerful flare since the great solar storms of Sept. 2017.

The ultraviolet afterglow of yesterday's X6.3-class solar flare. Credit: NASA/SDO

Extreme ultraviolet radiation from each flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing shortwave radio blackouts over Hawaii (late on Feb 21st), Australia (early on Feb. 22nd), and Hawaii again (late on Feb. 22nd). Mariners and ham radio operators in those areas may have noticed loss of signal at all frequencies below 30 MHz.

You might think all these flares would have hurled at least one CME toward Earth. In fact, the number is zero. SOHO coronagraphs have not detected any CMEs emerging from the blast zone. Sometimes this happens. Flares can occur without CMEs, and CMEs can occur without flares.

Disappointed aurora watchers shouldn't give up hope, though; AR3590 isn't finished.

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#SOLAR #FLARE AND RADIATION STORM: Departing sunspot AR3559 erupted Monday morning, Jan 29th (0438 UT), producing a strong M6.8-class solar flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the exteme #ultraviolet flash:

This flare is going to affect #Earth in several ways. It has already caused a shortwave radio blackout over Australia: blackout map. Ham radio operators and mariners may have experienced loss of signal at frequencies below 30 MHz for as much as an hour after the flare.

Next, it is almost certanly going to cause a radiation storm. Sunspot AR3559 is well-connected to Earth. This may seem counterintuitive, because the sunspot is not directly facing us. However, when sunspots are near the sun's western limb, they can link to our planet magnetically. Take a look at this diagram, and you'll understand why. It's called "the Parker Spiral." Protons energized by the flare are now following the Parker Spiral toward Earth. Within hours, an S1-class (or stronger) radiation storm may be underway.
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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NEW SOURCE OF FLARES: Suddenly, AR3445 is crackling with activity. The mixed-polarity sunspot has produced multiple #M-class #flares this weekend, including this M4-category explosion on Sept.24th (0328 UT):

A flash of extreme #ultraviolet #radiation from the #flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a shortwave radio blackout over #Australia: map. Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 25 MHz for as much as 30 minutes after the flare.

This flare might have lasted long enough to lift a #CME out of the sun's atmosphere.
https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

#Earth is dodging some big solar storms. For the second time in 3 days, departing sunspot AR3386 unleashed a powerful X1-class #solar #flare. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the extreme #ultraviolet flash on Aug. 7th at ~2100 UT:

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Radiation from the flare caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean (map), and a magnificent CME has emerged from the blast site
X1 2046 UT Aug07
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
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Big #sunspot AR3363 just produced a significant #solar #flare, a long-duration M6-class event during the early hours of July 18th. NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the blast near the sun's southwestern limb:

Energetic protons accelerated by the flare have reached Earth and are now peppering the top of our planet's atmosphere. This is called a "radiation storm." According to data from NOAA's GOES-16 satellite, it is a category S2 event.

Although the explosion was not X-class, it was more powerful than many X-flares would be. Why? Because it lasted so long. The flare's X-ray output was above M5 for more than an hour and above M1 for nearly 4 hours. It had plenty of time to lift a substantial CME out of the sun's atmosphere.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#X-CLASS #SOLAR #FLARE AND #CME: New #sunspot AR3341 erupted on June 20th, producing an X1.1-class solar flare (1709 UT). NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory captured the extreme ultraviolet flash:

#Radiation from the flare ionized the top of #Earth's #atmosphere. This caused a deep shortwave radio blackout over North America: map. Aviators and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 30 MHz for as much as 20 minutes after the flare.

SOHO coronagraphs have since detected a CME. It is the fan-shaped cloud expanding away from the sun's southeastern limb (8 o'clock position):
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The CME's expansion velocity exceeds 1000 km/s (2.2 million mph), according to Type II radio bursts detected by the US Air Force. It's a fast mover that should deliver a potent blow to whatever it hits.

Earth is probably not in the strike zone, although a glancing blow may be possible on June 22nd or 23rd.
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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MINOR GEOMAGNETIC STORM WATCH: NOAA forecasters say that minor G1-class geomagnetic storms are possible on June 2nd when a stream of solar wind is expected to hit Earth's magnetic field. The gaseous material is flowing from a pair of holes in the sun's atmosphere. Aurora alerts: SMS Text

#SOLAR #FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT: A new sunspot is emerging over the sun's SE limb. It announced itself on May 31st with a long-duration M4-class solar flare:

A pulse of extreme #ultraviolet #radiation ionized the top of #Earth's #atmosphere, causing a shortwave radio blackout over the Pacific Ocean almost perfectly centered over Hawaii. Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal below 30 MHz for as much as an hour after 2252 UT.

Designated AR3323, the #sunspot is now turning toward Earth, and it appears to be growing more complex. NOAA forecasters estimate a 40% chance of more M-flares on June 1st.
https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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Reversed-polarity #sunspot AR3296 just unleashed a #double #solar #flare. Watch the closely-space explosions in this movie from NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory:

Extreme ultraviolet radiation from the double blast ionized the top of #Earth's #atmosphere, causing a shortwave radio blackout over North America and the Pacific Ocean. Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 25 MHz between 1900 and 2100 UT (May 9th

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
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CHAIN REACTION ON THE #SUN: A magnetic filament connected to #sunspot AR3229 erupted on Feb. 24th (1949 UTC), producing a chain reaction of events. First, the filament sliced through the sun's atmosphere:

Its liftoff destabilized the sunspot, sparking a long duration M3-class #solar #flare (2030 UTC). The flare, in turn, ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, blacking out shortwave radio transmissions around the Pacific Ocean

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: X1 1548 UT Feb11
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A DANGEROUS SUNSPOT: Sunspot AR3217 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Indeed, it just unleashed one (see below). The sunspot is turning toward Earth so any flares this weekend are likely to be geoeffective.
SOLAR #FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT: Earth-orbiting satellites have just detected an X1.1-class solar flare from sunspot AR3217 (Feb. 11th @ 1548 UTC). Extreme #UV #radiation ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a strong shortwave radio blackout over South America
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#Comet ZTF is approaching the ecliptic and is now near #Mars," says Jaeger. On. Saturday night they will be less than 1 degree apart.

The two celestial bodies are a study in contrast. Mars is red (due to rust in the planet's regolith). Comet ZTF is green (due to diatomic carbon in its atmosphere). Mars is 100 times brighter and easy to see with the unaided eye. Comet ZTF is nearly invisible.
https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

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#SOLAR #FLARE AND #CME: A twist of dark plasma left the sun on Jan. 14th, propelled by a double-dip M4-class solar flare in the magnetic canopy of sunspot AR3182:

The debris carved a spiraling path through the sun's atmosphere, a blender-like process that hurled a coronal mass ejection (CME) into space. First-look images from the Solar and Heliospheric Observatory (SOHO) reveal a bright CME emerging from the sun's southwestern limb. Clearly, the CME is not heading directly for Earth, but a glancing blow might be possible early next week. NOAA analysts are evaluating the possibility now.

https://spaceweather.com/

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ramnath@nerdpol.ch
ramnath

SUNSPOT WANTS TO #FLARE: It seems like every spot on the #sun wants to flare. In the past week alone, three different sunspots have produced X-flares, and even more are crackling with M-class flares. With unstable sunspots scattered across the face of the sun, the chance of a geoeffective flare today is greater than 70%. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.
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#COMET ZTF AT #PERIHELION: #Comet ZTF (C/2022 E3) hasn't been this hot in 50,000 years. Today, Jan. 12th, the comet makes its closest approach to the sun (perihelion) only 1.1 AU away. Solar heat has turned it into an easy target for backyard telescopes:

Never miss another geomagnetic storm. Sign up for Space Weather Alerts and you'll receive a text message when magnetic storms erupt. Aurora tour guides and professional astronomers use this service. You can, too!

EVERY SUNSPOT WANTS TO FLARE: It seems like every spot on the sun wants to flare. In the past week alone, three different sunspots have produced X-flares, and even more are crackling with M-class flares. With unstable sunspots scattered across the face of the sun, the chance of a geoeffective flare today is greater than 70%. Solar flare alerts: SMS Text.

COMET ZTF AT PERIHELION: Comet ZTF (C/2022 E3) hasn't been this hot in 50,000 years. Today, Jan. 12th, the comet makes its closest approach to the sun (perihelion) only 1.1 AU away. Solar heat has turned it into an easy target for backyard telescopes:

"I took this picture on Jan. 11th," says Dalibor Hanžl of Pavlovice, Czech Republic. "The comet looked great through my 8-inch telescope."

Discovered in March 2022 by the Zwicky Transient Facility, Comet ZTF has been falling toward the sun for more than 50,000 years. Now is its moment to shine. Proximity to the sun has brightened the comet to magnitude 6.5, almost visible to the unaided eye.

Soon, strike "almost." After perihelion, Comet ZTF heads toward Earth for a close approach on Feb. 1st (0.28 AU). This will brighten the comet even more to a projected peak magnitude of +5, visible to the naked eye, binoculars, and small telescopes. Between now and then, https://spaceweather.com/