#flares

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

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NEW SOURCE OF FLARES: Suddenly, AR3445 is crackling with activity. The mixed-polarity sunspot has produced multiple #M-class #flares this weekend, including this M4-category explosion on Sept.24th (0328 UT):

A flash of extreme #ultraviolet #radiation from the #flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a shortwave radio blackout over #Australia: map. Mariners and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal at frequencies below 25 MHz for as much as 30 minutes after the flare.

This flare might have lasted long enough to lift a #CME out of the sun's atmosphere.
https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

#Solar #Flares
6-hr max: M1 1226 UT May31
24-hr: M1 0438 UT May31

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#POLLEN #CORONAS: Something in the air is making the sun over #Finland look unusual. "It's pollen," says Mikko Peussa, who photographed the phenomenon on May 30th from the city of Turku near the Baltic Sea:

The air is sparkling and the sun is surrounded by pastel rings. These are called "pollen coronas," caused by sunlight scattered from swarms of pollen in the air. The "sparkles" in Peussa's photo are some of the individual grains.

"The pollen is coming from pine trees in the area," says Peussa. Springtime cones are opening, spreading pollen so that pines can reproduce. Individual grains are very tiny, with optical properties that produce compact, intensely colored pastel rings.

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

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Departing #sunspot AR3234 produced another X2-class solar flare on March 3rd (1752 UTC). NASA's Solar Dynamics Observatory recorded the extreme #ultraviolet #flash:
Radiation from the flare ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a shortwave radio blackout over the Americas. Aviators and ham radio operators may have noticed loss of signal and other unusual propagation effects at frequencies below 30 MHz for as much as an hour.
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New sunspot AR3242 is magnetically complex and crackling with M-class #solar #flares. This morning in Hong Kong, David Leong pointed his solar telescope at the #sun and immediately saw an explosion:

"AR3242 was already flaring when I started shooting at 5:11 UT," says Leong. "The unusually dark filaments kept changing shape minute by minute on my computer screen. It was an hour of wonder and excitement."

This sunspot is turning toward Earth, and it will soon be in our planet's strike zone. Stay tuned.
https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: X1 1548 UT Feb11
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A DANGEROUS SUNSPOT: Sunspot AR3217 has a 'beta-gamma-delta' magnetic field that harbors energy for X-class solar flares. Indeed, it just unleashed one (see below). The sunspot is turning toward Earth so any flares this weekend are likely to be geoeffective.
SOLAR #FLARE AND RADIO BLACKOUT: Earth-orbiting satellites have just detected an X1.1-class solar flare from sunspot AR3217 (Feb. 11th @ 1548 UTC). Extreme #UV #radiation ionized the top of Earth's atmosphere, causing a strong shortwave radio blackout over South America
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#Comet ZTF is approaching the ecliptic and is now near #Mars," says Jaeger. On. Saturday night they will be less than 1 degree apart.

The two celestial bodies are a study in contrast. Mars is red (due to rust in the planet's regolith). Comet ZTF is green (due to diatomic carbon in its atmosphere). Mars is 100 times brighter and easy to see with the unaided eye. Comet ZTF is nearly invisible.
https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: M3 1015 UT Jan13

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#COMET ZTF AT #PERIHELION: Comet ZTF (C/2022 E3) hasn't been this hot in 50,000 years. On Jan. 12th, the comet made its closest approach to the sun (perihelion) only 1.1 AU away. Solar heat has turned it into an easy target for backyard telescopes:

Amateur astrnomer Michael Jaeger took the picture yesterday from his backyard observatory in Weißenkirchen Wachau, Austria. "The comet's narrow ion tail extends far beyond the edge of the image," he says. "Take a look."

Discovered in March 2022 by the Zwicky Transient Facility, Comet ZTF has been falling toward the sun for more than 50,000 years. Now is its moment to shine. Proximity to the sun has brightened the comet to magnitude 6.5, almost visible to the unaided eye.

Soon, strike "almost." After perihelion, Comet ZTF heads toward Earth for a close approach on Feb. 1st (0.28 AU). This will brighten the comet even more to a projected peak magnitude of +5, visible to the naked eye, binoculars, and small telescopes. Between now and then, look for Comet ZTF before sunrise in the constellation #Corona #Borealis

https://spaceweather.com/

ramnath@nerdpol.ch

#CMES ARE COMING: NOAA forecasters say there is a chance of G2-class geomagnetic storms on Oct. 4th when multiple CMEs might sideswipe Earth's magnetic field. Most of the incoming CMEs were hurled into space by sunspot AR3110, which unleashed a series of strong flares (M5.9, M8.7, X1) over the weekend. During G2-class storms, naked-eye auroras can descend into the United States as low as New York and Idaho
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#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: M2 0233 UT Oct03
24-hr: X1 2025 UT Oct02
explanation | more data
Updated: Today at: 0755 UT

https://spaceweather.com/

nowisthetime@pod.automat.click

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OUTHERN HEMISPHERE ANALEMMA: If you took a picture of the sun at the same time each day, would it remain in the same position? The answer is no, and the figure-8 shape traced out by the sun over the course of a year is called an analemma. Ian Griffin photographed this one from Portobello, New Zealand:

"I've been taking a picture of the sun every day for the past year using a pinhole camera attached to my deck," explains Griffin. "Each little solar disk is a 20-second exposure at 4pm (5pm in summer). At the equinoxes and winter solstice I left the shutter open longer to record the motion of the sun. I developed the image in my darkroom and this is a scan of the resulting glass plate."

The upper and lower tips of the "8" represent the solstices--the longest and shortest days of the year. Today the New Zealand sun is near the middle--a sign that Southern spring is approaching on Sept. 23rd.

"Compared to northern hemisphere analemmas, our loops are inverted!" notes Griffin.

Other planets have analemmas, too. Not all are figure-8s, however. The shape depends on the tilt of the planet's spin axis and the eccentricity of its orbit around the sun. Martian analemmas resemble a teardrop, while Jupiter's looks like a jelly-bean:

Learn more about alien analemmas from Analemma.com
#X-ray #Solar #Flares
6-hr max: M1 0702 UT Sep21
24-hr: M1 1122 UT Sep20
https://spaceweather.com/