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dredmorbius@joindiaspora.com
Doc Morbius (moved to Glasswings)

GitHub have restored the youtube-dl repository

https://github.blog/2020-11-16-standing-up-for-developers-youtube-dl-is-back/

Colour me pleasantly surprised.

I've followed this story since it broke. My own (lay) analysis of the RIAA's claims hit HN a few weeks ago:

https://joindiaspora.com/posts/808cf690f8e801381778002590d8e506 (https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24888234)

The EFF's letter makes strongly similar arguments, admittedly with better legal citations buttressing.

I'd hinted in that post, and commented at HN, as to steps Microsoft could take to establish its credibility before the Free Software community:

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=25007097

https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24876199

Specifically:

  1. Microsoft is a member of the RIAA. It could and should resign.
  2. Microsoft can lobby for further exceptions to §1201 anti-circumvention.
  3. Microsoft can issue a statement formally protesting RIAA's action.
  4. Microsoft could offer an Amicus brief or other statements in favour of youtube-dl developers.

As an old-school Linux user and advocate, I'm used to considering Microsoft the opposition, and my praise is grudging, but given where due. By my reckoning, Microsoft are at least 3 for 4 in meeting my suggestions.

Of the fourth, I suspect its upcoming RIAA renewal discussion will be interesting.

Google, on the other hand, have been conspicuously silent. Chris DiBona, are you listening?

#github #youtubedl #riaa #dmca #copyright #eff #microsoft #google #ChrisDiBona

Standing up for developers: youtube-dl is back | The GitHub Blog

Today we reinstated youtube-dl, a popular project on GitHub, after we received additional information about the project that enabled us to reverse a Digital Millennium Copyright Act (DMCA) takedown. 

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dredmorbius@joindiaspora.com
Doc Morbius (moved to Glasswings)

EFF: The Github youtube-dl Takedown Isn't Just a Problem of American Law

Tragically for Internet users everywhere, the RIAA was not citing DMCA Section 512, the usual takedown route, but DMCA Section 1201, the ban on breaking digital locks. And the failures of that part of American law that can allow a rightsholder to intimidate an American company into an act of global censorship are coded into more than just the U.S. legal system. ...

Since 1996, over 100 countries have signed onto the WIPO Copyright Treaty. The Treaty itself uses notably less harsh language in what it requires from its signatories than the DMCA. ...

EFF has a long-term plan to beat the anti-circumvention laws, wherever they are, which we call Apollo 1201. But we need help from a global movement to finally revoke this ongoing attack on the world's creators, innovators, and consumers.

https://www.eff.org/deeplinks/2020/11/github-youtube-dl-takedown-isnt-just-problem-american-law

HN discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24975422

#eff #dmca #anticirc #riaa #copyright #youtubedl #wipo #eu #Apollo1201

The Github youtube-dl Takedown Isn't Just a Problem of American Law

The video downloading utility youtube-dl, like other large open source projects, accepts contributions from all around the globe. It is used practically wherever there's an Internet connection. It's especially shocking, therefore, when what looks...

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dredmorbius@joindiaspora.com
Doc Morbius (moved to Glasswings)

The RIAA's fraudulent attack on youtube-dl is not a DMCA §512 infringement/safe-harbour, and the reality is weird

Many people seem to think that the RIAA's late-on-a-Friday copyright claim by against Web multimedia-content Swiss army knife youtube-dl falls under the DMCA's online content provider safe-harbour §512 provisions against infringing works.[1] It does not.

Under U.S. copyright law, "safe-harbour" provisions immunise service providers from copyright infringement claims, if the provider "takes down" the named content when a claim is received, under 17 USC 512 (c)(1)(C). The safe-harbour protections apply only to hosting of infringing works, and neither youtube-dl nor its test suites infringe on any RIAA or member copyrights as averred in RIAA's notice. Further, a claim must identify the specific works infringed in the work, (§512 (c)(3)(A)(iii)) which the RIAA's claim does not.

See the statute at Cornell University's U.S. Code repository, referenced further here:
https://www.law.cornell.edu/uscode/text/17/512

The RIAA's letter does not claim infringement within the text of youtube-dl source or test suites, though it tries hard to appear so, but rather possible incidental copying, of an overwhelmingly non-infringing nature, and anti-circumvention of a "copyright protection mechanism", under §1201. That last is also part of the DMCA, but falls outside the safe-harbour takedown provisions.

At best, youtube-dl's test suite may be infringing works when run, in which case infringement would accrue to the operator, presumably a tester or Github's CI/CD process. Even that argument is specious: Given output is discarded, no permanent copy is retained, and the action is for research and development, and numerous Fair Use affirmative defence claims exist under §107, notably (1) and (4), test suite execution falls outside exclusive rights. Any one fair-use test is sufficient, or none at all. Test suite execution could be argued non-infringing under numerous theories, including reverse engineering, research, interoperability, all under §1201, or under general limitations on exclusive rights in §112 (ephemeral recordings), §117 (computer programmes), or elsewhere.

Further, under §512 (f) the RIAA's deceptive claim is liable for sanctions:

Any person who knowingly materially misrepresents under this section— (1) that material or activity is infringing ... shall be liable for any damages, including costs and attorneys’ fees, incurred by the alleged infringer, by any copyright owner or copyright owner’s authorized licensee, or by a service provider, who is injured by such misrepresentation, as the result of the service provider relying upon such misrepresentation in removing or disabling access to the material or activity claimed to be infringing, or in replacing the removed material or ceasing to disable access to it.

The fun begins

This is where ... things get interesting....

  • The "copyright protection scheme" in question, if it even is one, was written by and is provided by Google/Youtube, not the RIAA.

  • It is not even clear to me the RIAA has standing to sue under §1203: "Any person injured by a violation of section 1201 or 1202 may bring a civil action in an appropriate United States district court for such violation." RIAA are not injured due to utilisation of a non-member's mechanism.

  • The claim does not pass the 17 USC 1201 (a)(2)(B) test: that the technology "has only limited commercially significant purpose or use other than to circumvent a technological measure that effectively controls access to a work protected under this title".

  • Yes, Github (or its owner, Microsoft Corp.) may have liability under 17 USC 1201 (a)(2), "offer to the public, provide, or otherwise traffic" the code, subject to the same test above. However there is no safe-harbour provision for such violations.

  • Microsoft is listed on the RIAA's members page. Neither Google LLC, its Youtube subsidiary, nor parent Alphabet Inc. are. The RIAA are threatening a member for a §1201 violation against a nonmember. That's ... weird. https://www.riaa.com/about-riaa/riaa-members/

  • A further defence is the §1201(f)(2) exception: "a person may develop and employ technological means to circumvent a technological measure, or to circumvent protection afforded by a technological measure ... or for the purpose of enabling interoperability of an independently created computer program with other programs".

  • Youtube-dl is executing code provided by Google/YouTube, for Wold Wide Web user agents, as a World Wide Web user agent, and meant to be accessed and run by user agents in order to access YouTube content. That is, youtube-dl's operation is entirely within YouTube's technical design and intent.

  • Any potential copyright infringement which might occur through use of youtube-dl is at the volition of users, not the software's authors, actions would properly be directed at such users for individual acts of infringement, and much of this is subject to the same defences listed above, and others.

What then shall we do?

The remaining question is whether or not this claim should be contested. I argue that it should, on numerous grounds;

  1. Though the claim is made under US law, similar anti-circumvention provisions exist in international law, which is highly standardised in large part thanks to the RIAA, MPAA (video), SIIA (software), WIPO, and other copyright monopoly cartels' special-interest deep-pockets lobbying. Offshore legal safe havens are limited and vulnerable. Defence within DMCA /anti-circ / WIPO / Berne regions is unfortunately necessary. Simply hosting the repository outside US jurisdiction is not sufficient, though a valid immediate response.

  2. Such claims are specious at best, carry heavy chilling efects, may be entirely fraudulent, and should carry considerable risk. A countersuit agaist RIAA may help make this cartel, or others, think twice about repeating such attempts, as well as establish precedent agaist future such attemps.

  3. The future of software, to which Microsoft claims to have harnessed its own wagon, is open, collaborative, Free Software. As such, the software and information services industry's interests diverge from those of regressive copyright maximalists.

TL;DR:

This is not a 17 USC 512 infringement/safe-harbour, RIAA's standing is highly questionable, it is threatening a member for an averred nonmember's §1201 injury, any actual works duplication is not performed by youtube-dl's developers directly, nor is the work itself or its test suite an infringement of RIAA / members copyrights, and numerous defences exist for routine use or incidental transmission or copies made by developers, hosting services,or others. Further, youtube-dl, digital and information liberties groups, Microsoft, and Google/Youtube should fight the RIAA's claim.

Notes:

  1. A very common misperception, see e.g., https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24884233 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24873090 https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24875888 https://tildes.net/~tech/suf/youtube_dls_github_repository_has_become_inaccessible_due_to_a_dmca_takedown_from_riaa#comment-5rnr https://old.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/jgubfx/youtubedl_github_repo_taken_down_due_to_dmca/g9yiawu/ https://old.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/jgtzum/youtubedl_repo_had_been_dmcad/g9tnmo2/ https://old.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/jgubfx/youtubedl_github_repo_taken_down_due_to_dmca/g9slirg/ https://merveilles.town/@zens/105086871599354436

#youtubedl #riaa #dmca #copyright #github #microsoft #youtube #google #FairUse #monopoly #cartel #AlphabetInc

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dredmorbius@joindiaspora.com
Doc Morbius (moved to Glasswings)

GitHub has removed the ability to access youtube-dl's source code due to a DMCA request by the RIAA

... The clear purpose of this source code is to (i) circumvent the technological protection measures used by authorized streaming services such as YouTube, and (ii) reproduce and distribute music videos and sound recordings owned by our member companies without authorization for such use. We note that the source code is described on GitHub as “a command-line program to download videos from YouTube.com and a few more sites.” ...

https://github.com/github/dmca/blob/master/2020/10/2020-10-23-RIAA.md

Various coverage, discussion, and related topics

Micah F. Lee (EFF/The Intercept @micahflee@mastodon.social https://nitter.net/micahflee/status/1319746131723628544?ref_src=twsrc%5Egoogle%7Ctwcamp%5Eserp%7Ctwgr%5Etweet

"RIAA blitz takes down 18 GitHub projects used for downloading YouTube videos"
https://www.zdnet.com/article/riaa-blitz-takes-down-18-github-projects-used-for-downloading-youtube-videos/

HN discussion: https://news.ycombinator.com/item?id=24872911

Reddit: https://old.reddit.com/r/programming/comments/jgub36/youtubedl_just_received_a_dmca_takedown_from_riaa/
https://old.reddit.com/r/DataHoarder/comments/jgtzum/youtubedl_repo_had_been_dmcad/
https://old.reddit.com/r/linux/comments/jgubfx/youtubedl_github_repo_taken_down_due_to_dmca/
https://old.reddit.com/r/youtubedl/comments/jgttnc/youtubedl_github_repository_disabled_due_to_a/

Reddit search: https://old.reddit.com/r/dredmorbius/search/?q=youtube-dl+dmca&sort=relevance&t=all

Nitter/Birbsite: https://nitter.net/search?f=tweets&q=youtube-dl+riaa+dmca&since=&until=&near=

Censorship, propaganda, surveillance, and targeted manipulation are inherent characteristics of monopoly: https://joindiaspora.com/posts/7bfcf170eefc013863fa002590d8e506

RMS, "The Right to Read" (1997): https://www.gnu.org/philosophy/right-to-read.en.html

Remember that the RIAA is a strong-arm and bad-publicity-deflection cartel of its major members. These are:
#Sony
#SonyMusic
#UniversalMusic
#AtlanticRecords
#Disney
#ExcelerationMusic
#InterscopeGeffen
#NonesuchRecords
#PartisanRecords
#ProvidentMusic
#SireRecords
#TommyBoy
#WarnerMusic

#DMCA #youtubedl #RIAA #MPAA #github #Censorship #Surveillance #Propaganda #Manipulation #Monoply #CensorshipPropagandaSurveillanceMonopoly #TheRightToRead #EFF

YouTube

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