We need to talk about water – and the fact that the world is running out of it

The Guardian

On a planet getting hotter and drier by the year, governments are wilfully ignoring a looming crisis. (...)

(Text continues underneath the photo.)

Illustration: Eleanor Shakespeare/The Guardian

To keep pace with the global demand for food, crop production needs to grow by at least 50% by 2050. (...)

A paper published in 2017 estimated that to match crop production to expected demand, water use for irrigation would have to increase by 146% by the middle of this century. One minor problem. Water is already maxed out.

In general, the dry parts of the world are becoming drier, partly through reduced rainfall; partly through declining river flow as mountain ice and snow retreats; and partly through rising temperatures causing increased evaporation and increased transpiration by plants. (...)

Already, agriculture accounts for 90% of the world’s freshwater use. We have pumped so much out of the ground that we’ve changed the Earth’s spin. The water required to meet growing food demand simply does not exist.

That 2017 paper should have sent everyone scrambling. But as usual, it was ignored by policymakers and the media. (...)

Above all, we need to change our diets. Those of us with dietary choice (in other words, the richer half of the world’s population) should seek to minimise the water footprint of our food. With apologies for harping on about it, this is yet another reason to switch to an animal-free diet, which reduces both total crop demand and, in most cases, water use. (...)

This is yet another of those massive neglected issues, any one of which could be fatal to peace and prosperity on a habitable planet. Somehow, we need to recover our focus.

Complete article

Tags: #agriculture #water #water_use #crops #irrigation #cattle_farming #food_production #drought #rainfall #climate_change #climate_crisis #global_warming

Amazon wild west: where drugs, fish and logging are big money but life is cheap

The Guardian

Illegal businesses form an interlocking web in the Brazilian remote region where Dom Phillips and Bruno Pereira were killed, threatening Indigenous communities and local ecology. (...)

Such are the contrasts in this underreported part of the Amazon rainforest where magnificent natural beauty has become a backdrop to increasing violence and impunity. It is the setting for a battle over access to resources that has intensified following the election of Brazil’s far-right president, Jair Bolsonaro, in 2018.

Law enforcement officials say the Javari Valley, an area the size of Portugal and home to the world’s largest concentration of uncontacted Indigenous tribes, is now Brazil’s second largest drug trafficking route, where the interwoven illicit industries of fishing, logging and mining have proliferated over the past decade. (...)

With sweeping government cuts in the region – there has been no federal environmental agency [Ibama] base here since 2018 and just three, poorly resourced Indigenous protection agency [Funai] outposts – seizures have plummeted under the Bolsonaro administration, according to a report by Publica, a Brazilian investigative newsroom. According to internal Funai documents seen by the Guardian, the Funai outpost closest to where Pereira and Phillips were killed has come under fire seven times in the past two years. (...)

“Dom Phillips was not on an ‘adventure’. He was a war correspondent documenting a war.”

Saraiva argued that the Brazilian government has more than enough resources to end the crime surge here, citing his own experience combating illegal gold mining in the Yanomami Indigenous territory by using the army to target illegal infrastructure such as boats and equipment.

“But they [the Bolsonaro administration] are not doing it for lack of political will.” (...)

Traffickers have also begun recruiting younger Indigenous men and boys into the drugs operations themselves, said Tamakuri. Drawn in by payments of a few hundred dollars for months of work, promises of clothing and mobile phones, the recruits then face execution if they try to escape. (...)

Complete article

Tags: #brazil #brasil #brazilie #amazon #killings #dom_philips #bruno_pereira #chico_mendes #dorothy_stang #indigenous_people #mining #illegal_mining #logging #illegal_logging #cattle_farming #deforestation #rainforest #bolsonaro #jair_bolsonaro #marina_silva #impunity

Killing and outrage: little has changed in the Amazon after years of violence

The Guardian

(...) Before the world was outraged by the murders of British journalist Dom Phillips and Indigenous advocate Bruno Pereira, it was aghast at the killings of Chico Mendes and Dorothy Stang.

Mendes was a rubber tapper and unionist murdered by ranchers in 1988 in the southern Amazon; 73-year-old Stang was a US nun assassinated in 2005 for standing up to illegal loggers on the other side of the rainforest. (...)

But for those hoping the recent murder of Phillips and Pereira will mark a turning point for the Amazon – some combination, say, of greater environmental protections, more oversight or broader rights for Brazil’s Indigenous communities – the killings of Mendes and Stang do not offer very comforting lessons. (...)

“We don’t believe that anything changes because of these cases,” said [Ronilson Costa, national coordinator of the Pastoral Land Commission (CPT), a Catholic church organisation that monitors land conflicts]. “There is not less violence or fewer deaths and the numbers prove that.”

“The level of impunity is very high,” he added. “Areas such as Amazonia are always in conflict, there is something every week, whether it is a threat, an attack, a prison, and murder as well. I think the expansion and invasion of capital has generated more violence.”

According to CPT statistics, Stang was one of 39 people killed over land disputes in 2005. In the years since, more than 600 people have perished, an average of 38 each year. (...)

Only around 10 % of the cases recorded by the CPT come to trial and even then it often takes years of delays, appeals and retrials. (...)

Complete article

Brazilian ecologist Chico Mendes and Dorothy Stang, a 73-year-old American nun, were both shot dead. Composite: AFP/Getty images/Reuters.

Tags: #brazil #brasil #brazilie #amazon #killings #dom_philips #bruno_pereira #chico_mendes #dorothy_stang #indigenous_people #mining #illegal_mining #logging #illegal_logging #cattle_farming #deforestation #rainforest #bolsonaro #jair_bolsonaro #marina_silva #impunity

‘Record after record’: Brazil’s Amazon deforestation hits April high, nearly double previous peak

The Guardian

Climate analysts are astounded by such a high reading during the rainy season, and is the third monthly record this year.

Deforestation in Brazil’s Amazon surged to record levels for the month of April, nearly doubling the area of forest removed in that month last year – the previous April record – preliminary government data has shown, alarming environmental campaigners. (...)

Destruction of the Brazilian Amazon in the first four months of the year also hit a record for the period of 1,954 square km (754 square miles), an increase of 69% compared to the same period of 2021, clearing an area more than double the size of New York City.

Deforestation in the Amazon has soared since rightwing president Jair Bolsonaro took office in 2019 and weakened environmental protection. Bolsonaro argues that more farming and mining in the Amazon will reduce poverty in the region. (...)

Preservation of the Amazon is vital to stopping catastrophic climate change because of the vast amount of climate-warming carbon dioxide it absorbs. (...)

Complete article

> See also: ‘Relentless’ destruction of rainforest continuing despite Cop26 pledge (The Guarian)

Tags: #brazil #brasil #brazilie #amazon #forest #rainforest #deforestation #climate #climate_change #climate_crisis #golbal_warming #co2 #logging #illegal_logging #cattle_farming #environment #bolsonaro #jair_bolsonaro #co2 #carbon_dioxide #cop26

From Drought to Deluge on a New Planet

Tom Dispatch

Consider this perhaps the strangest thing of all in our all-too-strange world: the greatest crisis humanity has ever faced essentially never leads the news. Yes, the immediate crises of our world, most recently Vladimir Putin’s disastrous invasion of Ukraine, are 24/7 headlines for weeks at a time. And any set of events that sends millions of us into external or internal exile, as has become all too common on this planet of ours, should indeed be a focus of attention. But to put all of this in context, it’s estimated that within three decades up to a mind-boggling 1.2 billion human beings could be driven from their homes thanks to the burgeoning climate emergency. (...)

When [climate change] hits as fire or flood, as a dramatic weather disaster of some sort, the news often loves to show us the calamity at hand (and the all-too-photogenic weeping survivors). But the cause of it all, climate change itself? No such luck. (...)

Only recently the authoritative U.N. Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change released its latest devastating report, produced by 1,000 scientists, on what we’re doing to ourselves. In the midst of the Ukrainian events, it got hardly a moment’s notice. (...)

Whiplashed

Those Who Contribute the Least to Climate Change Suffer the Most

By Jane Braxton Little

(...) While California may be a poster child for extreme weather events, they are occurring almost everywhere. Such wild swings from tinder-dry to inundation are known as climate or weather whiplash. (...)

When it comes to weather whiplash, Australia is exhibit A for Anthropocene, the current geological epoch dominated by the human impact on the environment. (...)

Conflicts between wildlife and humans are already common enough, but climate scientists expect them to increase as droughts, floods, and fires push animals off their normal ranges and into agricultural areas. (...)

And here’s the only good news: climate change is a problem with a solution. We humans created it, which means it’s solvable. That, however, would require societal and political will of a kind we simply haven’t seen yet. And that’s the bad news. (...)

“a damning indictment of failed climate leadership… that reveals how people and the planet are getting clobbered by climate change.”

Swain, the UCLA climate scientist, put it this way: “We’re on a train going faster and faster down the tracks with perfectly functional brakes. But the drivers, for whatever reasons, are choosing not to engage the brakes.” (...)

Complete article

A regular antidote to the mainstream media

Tags: #climate #climate_change #climate_crisis #Intergovernmental_Panel_on_Climate_Change #ipcc #headlines #media #news #jpurnalism #journalist #disinformation #refugees #climate_refugees #climate_whiplash #weather_whiplash #anthropocene #australia #california #forest_fires #bushfires #drought #global_warming #sea_level #flooding #rain_bomb #extinction #texas #storm #hurricane #extrme_weather #water_quality #soil #erosion #agriculture #cattle_farming

Leaked EU anti-deforestation law omits fragile grasslands and wetlands

The Guardian

Campaigners say draft regulation contains many loopholes, including exclusion of Cerrado and Pantanal.

The fragile Cerrado grasslands and the Pantanal wetlands, both under threat from soy and beef exploitation, have been excluded from a European Union draft anti-deforestation law, campaigners have said, and there are many other concerning loopholes. (...)

The long-awaited draft regulation, expected to be published in December, will be limited to controlling EU imports of beef, palm oil, soy, wood, cocoa and coffee, according to a report seen by the Guardian. (...)

Campaigners said the EU risks getting it wrong. They criticised the exclusion from the proposals of rubber, leather, maize and other kinds of meat, linking pigs and chickens to “embedded deforestation” through the use of soy as animal feed. (...)

The Together4Forests campaign called for the regulation to ensure protection for all kinds of ecosystems, not only forests. (...)

Other ecosystems will be excluded, even though the EU document concedes that stricter rules to protect the Amazon rainforest “have already been shown to accelerate conversion of Cerrado savannah and Pantanal wetlands for agricultural production”. It also notes that the Cerrado is “a critical region for storing carbon”, a source of water, vegetation and abundant plant life, but concludes that including such ecosystems would make it more difficult to monitor forests. (...)

The document also reveals that the law “will not specifically target the financial sector”, a blow to campaigners who argued that European banks play a role in fuelling deforestation through their lending. (...)

Full article

An endangered giant otter in a lagoon in western Pantanal – which is one of the world’s largest freshwater wetlands but is not covered by the draft law. Photograph: Nature Picture Library/Alamy.

Tags: #environment #eu #european_union #brazil #brasil #brazilie #bolivia #paraguay #cerrado #pantanal #wetlands #savannah #peatlands #cattle_farming #soy #beef #soy_plantation #palm_oil #palm_oil_plantation #deforestation #rubber #maize #wood #cocoa #coffee #plantation #coffee_plantation #maize_plantation #agriculture #Together4Forests

How the BBC let climate deniers walk all over it

George Monbiot (The Guardian)

The fossil-fuel multinationals fund ‘thinktanks’ and ‘research institutes’. But it’s gullible public service broadcasters that give them credibility. (...)

In 1979, an internal study by Exxon concluded that burning carbon fuels “will cause dramatic environmental effects before the year 2050”. In 1982, as the Guardian’s Climate Crimes series recalls, an Exxon memo concluded that the science of climate change was “unanimous”. Then it poured millions of dollars into lobby groups casting doubt on it.

They didn’t call themselves lobby groups, but “thinktanks” or “research institutes”. Across the world, the media took them at their word. (...)

When we criticised the media for its determined naivety, we were frozen out. Before long, the thinktanks and trade associations had a clear run. They were the serious, sensible people, to whom the media turned to explain the world. And still turns.

If the oil companies are to be held to account, so should the media that amplified their voices. (...)

The BBC’s role was more insidious. Its collaboration arose from a disastrous combination of gullibility, appeasement and scientific ignorance. It let the fossil fuel industry walk all over it. (...)

Only in 2018, a mere 36 years after Exxon came to the same conclusion, did the BBC decide that climate science is solid, and there is no justification for both-sidesing it. But the nonsense continues. (...)

The frontier of denial has now shifted to the biggest of all environmental issues: farming. Here, the BBC still gives lobby groups and trade associations sowing doubt about environmental damage (especially by livestock farming) more airtime than the scientists and campaigners seeking to explain the problems. (...)

The lesson, to my mind, is obvious: if we fail to hold organisations to account for their mistakes and obfuscations, they’ll keep repeating them. Climate crimes have perpetrators. They also have facilitators.

Full article

Belchatow coal-fired power station, Poland. Photograph: Kacper Pempel/Reuters.

Tags: #climate #climate_change #climate_crisis #global_warming #climate_science #media #corporate_media #news #journalism #journalist #fake_news #bbc #channel_4 #fossil_fuel #oil_industry #lobby #think_tank #research_institute #agriculture #cattle_farming #environment #livestock_farming #farming