#lead
The #Chaldean order and the seven metals:
#Saturn - #lead
#Jupiter - #tin
#Mars - #metal
#Sun - #gold
#Venus - #copper
#Mercury - mercury
#Moon - #silver
The #7 #metals Chaldean #Astrology Talisman
The power of this Talisman is the combination of metals. Every metal is connected and strengthen different qualities in the person, in accordance with its principle. The Chaldean order ties together, those qualities in a way that puts each quality in its right place in relation to the others, that way its power will express itself in its maximum and still maintain equilibrium with all the rest. This tying up and hierarchy creates an order that resonates with the order of those qualities and their manifestation in reality.
Thomas Midgley, Jr., a man who one historian said "had more adverse impact on the atmosphere than any other single organism in Earth's history."
In the 1920s, his employer, General Motors, had a problem. Car motors of the time tended to violently backfire, or "knock," which could be disconcerting for the people in the car. Adding ethanol to gasoline solved the problem, but since ethanol already existed, General Motors couldn't patent it.
Midgley solved the problem by inventing a compound called tetraethyllead (TEL), which, when added to gas, produced what would become known as "leaded gasoline." He gave himself lead poisoning in the process, and TEL would go on to poison the rest of the world over the next sixty years. But GM could patent it, so by using their muscle to make it the standard, they got paid every time someone filled their tank.
After that glorious success, GM sent Midgley to their Frigidaire division to work on another problem. Refrigerators were in their infancy, and they depended on refrigerants that were toxic or explosive. This made them hard to sell to nervous hausfraus. Frigidaire wanted a safe, stable refrigerant.
Midgley solved that problem, too. He invented a new type of refrigerant that was dubbed a "chlorofluorocarbon," or CFC for short. You may be more familiar with it by its brand name: Freon. Freon didn't catch fire or explode, so Frigidaire was thrilled. But when deployed in millions of refrigerators, it would end up opening a giant hole in the ozone layer.
In 1940, Midgley contracted polio. He invented a complex system of ropes and pulleys to help him get in and out of bed. On November 2, 1944, he was found dead in his home. His contraption had strangled him.
In his time, Midgley was one of the most celebrated engineers in industry. Medals and prizes and honors rained down on him. It would take decades for the true impact of his work to be fully understood.
Tech is full of Thomas Midgleys.
If you've got a little extra time, I've really been enjoying this fresh new voice out of #Australia by way of #UK. In this one she mentions the #banning of #asbestos and #lead based #paints #explaining that they #helped #protect against #fire and #emf's respectively.
She also discovers that the methane in natural gas is one of nature's most powerful anti-inflammatories as reported by the NIH, where it says the elements contained within methane are in every human cell and are crucial for human survival.
She composes herself well with a firm and relaxed delivery and I have to say I haven't disagreed with anything she's reported. Follow the #white-rabbit.
https://rumble.com/v38cz3y-update-migrants-maui-and-the-natural-gas-ban.html See less
UPDATE: MIGRANTS, MAUI & THE NATURAL GAS BAN
Dogs may be at risk from high levels of lead from shotgun pellets in raw pheasant dog food, study finds
. Although elevated levels of dietary lead are potentially damaging to animal health, lead shot can be legally used for hunting terrestrial gamebirds, like pheasants, in the UK. While most pheasants are eaten by people, some are used in petfood.
I didn't know lead munition is still allowed
#lead #science #dogs
https://phys.org/news/2023-05-dogs-high-shotgun-pellets-raw.html
#Teflon contains a #plastic #polymer that, when heated above 572°F (300°C), starts to release #toxins.
Try this safe alternative instead: real #cast-iron. This is a nontoxic cooking option that truly withstands the test of time. It heats well and evenly throughout.
#Aluminum is a #neurotoxic #metal. Elevated levels of aluminum in the body have been linked to several central nervous system diseases, including #Alzheimer's and ALS.
Try this safe alternative instead: glass cookware. It’ll never release anything toxic when heated, it doesn’t hold onto any old flavors or odors, and it's not only durable but also eco-friendly.
#Copper cookware, especially when it isn’t coated, can easily send you to the ER with a bad case of metal poisoning. And that’s because it can release copper when you cook acidic foods.
#Stainlesssteel is a great cookware option: it's relatively lightweight, scratch-resistant, and comes in non-stick varieties.
Soft #ceramic coating isn't durable enough and starts chipping after a few months of daily use. When this happens, #lead and #cadmium sometimes found in the coating will end up in your #food and, thus, in your #body.
Try this safe alternative instead: 100% ceramic cookware. This is one of the best and safest options out there since it's made with completely natural materials, it isn't toxic, and it won't chip or peel off.
--o-O-o--
"Fun Factoid":
"Ceramic nonstick pans" are not even Ceramic!
They're actually metal pans with a finish that uses silicon to prevent sticking. Like #ceramicware, the coating is made of #sand and has a slick, glossy surface, which is how it came to be called ceramic.
Lead and Cadmium Could Be in Your Dark Chocolate - Consumer Reports https://www.consumerreports.org/health/food-safety/lead-and-cadmium-in-dark-chocolate-a8480295550/
Contains a list of brands with high levels of #cadmium and #lead
#chocolate
Aceeed #session Nov 8, 2022 (UNO #Drum, #UNO #Synth, #TD-3) - #SynthMania
Swimming in the Electron Lake, tonight... a hypnotic #electronic session inspired by the late '80s Aceeed era - which I fondly remember from when back then I was still living in #Europe - mixed in with a bit of '70s #psychedelic, #mystic #esoterica.
Gear used:
IK Multimedia UNO Drum (drum #machine)
IK Multimedia UNO Synth ( #analog #lead)
#Behringer TD-3-AN (303 lines)
#Arturia #KeyStep 37 (controller for the UNO #Synth)
#Cubase plugins: #pads, additional #drums
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YFLZXGFz_bQ
#musique #music #synthétiseur #synthesizer #techno #acid #trance
"In 1914 – 1920, it was documented that children were going into convulsions and seizures because of lead paint. Some companies wanted to still advertise that their product was not the cause of their ailments but friendly and reliable. Dutch Boy was created to advertise to families that their white lead paint was safe. There were toys, paint books for children, advertisements saying that their lives are now better with Dutch Boy paint. From dark and gloomy to happy and cheery because of paint."
I've lost count how many people I've worked with that lead totally destroyed their lives and family. It can happen very fast, within months, causing confusion, aggressiveness, family and legal problems, banned from stores, early death, and nearly always loss of their job. The stories may seem funny until you know the cause and how it could have all been avoided.
Something like following the industrial hygiene rules at work and not eating candy bars with unwashed hands after making a new batch of heat resistant PVC plastic. It's not worth it welding in forklift battery trays without full positive pressure respirators. Don't dust the batteries and breathe the dust. Because 100% that lead will start replacing calcium as the neurotransmitter in your nervous system and it doesn't work as well. And it's the worst disability and death I've ever seen.
I believed after lead was taken out of gasoline, our country would be sane. That, I haven't seen yet, but it was a step in the right direction.
And don't play with liquid metal mercury.
GAMI Unleaded Avgas Approved For GA Piston Fleet
This is actually pretty big news and will hopefully signal the beginning of the end for this last significant source of environmental lead - aviation gasoline.
Backyard hens’ eggs contain 40 times more lead on average than shop eggs | Ars Technica
Our newly published research found backyard hens’ eggs contain, on average, more than 40 times the lead levels of commercially produced eggs. Almost one in two hens in our Sydney study had significant lead levels in their blood. Similarly, about half the eggs analyzed contained lead at levels that may pose a health concern for consumers.
This is probelmatic in all cities. Not only in Australia I would say.
#urbanGardening #chicken #lead
● NEWS ● #TruthOut ☞ #Lead Pipes Leave Benton Harbor, Michigan, With Toxic #Water https://truthout.org/video/lead-pipes-leave-benton-harbor-michigan-with-toxic-water/
Operation EpikFail
Anonymous leaks gigabytes of data from alt-right web host Epik
Clients include 8chan, Parler, and Gab, among others.
DDoSecrets will, when they have they have the whole leak, release it to us in a more practical way. In the mean time, here's the page where this will eventually appear. Watch this space!
https://ddosecrets.com/wiki/Epik
Epik
180 gigabytes of user, registration, forwarding and other information behind the "privacy" web hosting and registrar service Epik, known for hosting fascist, white supremacist and other right-wing content as well as harassment and doxing websites.
Original torrent
The original torrent is presented [here](magnet:?xt=urn:btih:7870f10ce71afa3fee1d986b839bd19e80713cba&dn=EpikFail&tr=https://tracker.bt-hash.com:443/announce) as-is and was created and released by the source independent of Distributed Denial of Secrets. Due to its size, it's incompatible with most torrent clients and many users will have difficulty downloading the data. When we're able, we'll release a more accessible version of the data.
Contents
According to the hackers, the contents include:
- Domain purchases
- Domain transfers
- WHOIS history
- DNS changes
- Email forwards, catch-alls, etc.
- Payment history
- Account credentials
- Over 500,000 private keys
- An employee's mailbox
- Git repositories
- /home/ and /root/ directories of a core system
#anonymous #corporate #fascist #hack #lead #ddosecrets #epik
Lead epitomises much of my revised thinking on technology, impacts, speech, liability, risk, and other concepts.
See "Leaded petrol is gone – but lead pollution may linger for a very long time" and discussion on @Andrew Pam 's post
I increasingly view technology as a verb: technology is a means, ,a mechanism or process, to some ends. (This borrows heavily from J.S. Mill.) The devices we build as artefacts of technology merely serve to channel and control those processes. Materials and inputs take part in the processes, some are consumed, some are not. We tend to mistake the tangible objects for the intangible process (more on that discussing cognizability).
Impacts
The problem begins when we realise that there are intended and unintended consequences. There's the end we want, and the end we get. All technology has positive and negative impacts, varying with time, cognizability, and expressibility.
Time is the easiest of these three to address: there are short- / near-term effects, and long-term effects. Ends that happen closer to means are easier to recognise and realise.
Cognizability is a somewhat unfashionable word (though you may recognize similarities to others) expressing the ability for a thing to be perceived or known. And for technology, more cognizable effects dominate in social realisation over less cognizable ones. In general, simple, clear, distinct, large, and immediate effects are more cognizable.
Expressability simply means the ease or difficulty of of describing or communicating about a factor. Something that's complex, multi-factored, long-term, subtle, and indistinct, is exceedingly difficult to communicate especially in mass media which relies on a minimum viable audience and a low common level of understanding and perception. There's also the challenge of competing for time and attention within a crowded media sphere.
This gives multiple factors or a matrix defining technological impacts:
X = f(p, n, t, c, e)
Where X is technology (from the Greek chi), p is positive impacts, n is negative impacts, t is time, c is cognizability, e is expressibility.
This also ties strongly to Robert K. Merton's notions of both latent vs. manifest functions, and of unintended consequences.
Risk
Too much to get into here, but I increasingly find discussions of risk to be unsatisfactory. Generally:
Risks have contexts. Individual risk isn't the same as global risk. Your individual risk of dying in an automobile accident may be roughly equal to that of dying in a meteor impact. One is common but small-scale (at least in the current era), one is uncommon but global. But the odds of all of humanity, or all life on Earth, dying in an auto accident is minuscule relative to of dying in a meteor impact. Global catastrophic risks are global. I don't know if it's the Western focus on individualism that gives rise to this fallacy, but I see it constantly.
There's a distinction between randomness and uncertainty. Radioactive decay is random, but (in aggregate) its behaviour is highly certain. Abstract risks, say, of Roko's Basilisk, are highly uncertain. We simply don't know what the probabilities are. (Numerous other "it can only happen once, because once it happens, it's all over" events are similar: global total nuclear war, grey goo, Skynet, global catastrophic logistical collapse, etc.) Treating these as intrinsically similar is ... well, I'm pretty sure it's just plain wrong.
Risks accrue differently to different parties. All life is a risk-externalising mechanism, and within its own domains, market-capitalism is as well. Profits are privatised, risks are socialised, as we've become profoundly aware over the past two decades. This is inherent.
Risks in space differ profoundly from risks in time. Private insurance works best for small-scale risks which occur frequently, at small scale, within a given market, in an uncorrelated fashion. Automobile accidents and house fires are classic examples. Rare, large-area, highly-correlated risks affecting many policyholders simulataneously, are far more difficult to insure against. Wildfires, urban firestorms, earthquakes, major flooding events, sea level rise, cyclonic storms, droughts, and famines are wide-spread events, some are global. Conventional commercial insurance providers fail to address these well if at all. In most cases, "insurance" comes in the way of government (state or national) disaster response, or international aid. An asteroid impact, gamma-ray burst, nearbye supernova, major solar storm, or supervolcano erruption, would be truly global. Global warming moves more slowly but is of a similar nature (as are other global catastrophic risks.)
Liability
Numerous private industries benefitted by use of lead whilst externalising most of the costs and impacts. (Thomas Midgely somewhat infamously was not immune to the effects and did suffer lead poisoning.) More generally, though, investors and creditors faced minimal direct exposure, whilst front-line workers and the public at large, especially in poorer areas more exposed to contamination, bore the brunt.
Profits were privatised, costs socialised.
Speech
Industry and its advocates were strongly motivated to confound the issue. They lied, misled, delayed, and otherwise contaminated not just the physical environment but the epistemological one. It's here that I have some extreme misgivings over popular notions of free speech, in which rights to say anything are at odds with the general public's right to accurate and truthful information. It seems to me that there's a profound conflict here, and a growing problem. It's not one that's easily resolved, though my thinking in terms of #AutonomousCommunication is poking around that space. See here https://joindiaspora.com/posts/622677903778013902fd002590d8e506
(I'm not happy with that term. "Information Autonomy" or "Communication Autonomy" are probably better.)
See also especially Oreskes and Conway, Merchants of Doubt.
#lead #leadedGasoline #environment #contamination #risk #speech #liability #technology #manifestation #RobertKMerton #NaomiOreskes #MerchantsOfDoubt #ErikConway
Do you like heavy metal? Probably not in your drinking water. Let's get the lead out!
#Contamination #DrinkingWater #Lead #Biden #Congress #Crisis #Letter #Petition
"Children all over the U.S. are drinking water contaminated with lead.
This water comes through deteriorating lead pipes into the taps in their homes and old drinking fountains in their schools. Lead-contaminated water harms children's brains and nervous systems, causing learning disabilities and impairing their hearing — and has been for decades.
We need action now — and President Biden's American Jobs Plan will help us get there.
Biden's plan will invest more than $100 billion in fixing our water infrastructure, including replacing all lead service lines across the country. He also has called for action on lead in school water. Now we need Congress to save our children from lead poisoning by passing strong legislation to fix our infrastructure, create jobs, and invest in our communities.
Our water infrastructure is failing. There are still 6 to 10 million lead service lines in place across the U.S., some of which are more than 100 years old. As they corrode, they release lead into the water we drink, threatening people's health.
And through decades of neglect and disinvestment, the problem is even more severe in low-income communities and communities of color.
Flint, Michigan made headlines six years ago for its contaminated water after engineers found high levels of lead in the tap water in homes — and doctors found dangerous amounts of lead in children's blood.
But Flint isn't the only city that has suffered from widespread lead problems: Lead service lines are found in all 50 states, from big cities to small towns. Newark, Chicago, Detroit, Milwaukee, Jackson, Atlanta and dozens of other cities have found dangerous levels of lead in many residents' tap water.
The Senate took a step forward last month when senators overwhelmingly passed the Drinking Water and Wastewater Infrastructure Act of 2021, which would authorize modestly increased funding for clean water programs, including replacing some lead service lines — but it's not nearly enough to remove them all.
And the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is considering a new, stronger Lead and Copper Rule, a woefully outdated and inadequate federal protection meant to limit lead in drinking water.
But our work is far from done. We won't stop until all the nation's children are safe from lead poisoning from drinking water.
President Biden's American Jobs Plan will:
- Remove all lead service lines in every state at no direct cost to homeowners
- Get people back to work and create new good-paying jobs removing lead service lines
- Expedite the removal of lead service lines in low-income communities and communities of color suffering disproportionately from the impacts of lead-contaminated water, and begin to tackle the crisis of lead in school drinking water
- Make drinking water infrastructure across the country stronger and more resilient in the face of climate change-driven extreme weather, like the winter storms in Texas and other states that cut water service for millions
We need Congress to make these goals a reality. But our senators and representatives are unlikely to act without a lot more pressure from millions of people across the country who care deeply about clean water for all.
Thank you for your commitment to creating a healthy, livable future for everyone. I'm truly grateful.
Sincerely,
Erik D. Olson
Senior Advisor, NRDC Action Fund"
Bad Science Is a Poor Response to Science Denial: The Age of the Earth and Lead's Role in Determining It
A cute meme circulating has a "Christian Against Science" declaring
The Earth is 4,000 years old. Change my mind.
A presumably more scientifically-inclined reply reads:
The half-life of uranium-238 is 4.5 billion years. It decays into radium-226 which in turn decays into radon-222. Radon-222 becomes polonium-210, which finally decays into a stable nuclide [sic], lead.
The existence of lead as an element disproves the 4000 year old myth.
Unfortunately that second sentence is incorrect, though the first may be accurate (I've not looked into it).
The issues.
- Yes, the Earth is more than 4,000 years old, and is in fact about 4.54 billion years +/- 1% in age. That's not the beef.
- Yes, radiometric dating using radioactive decay and ratios of lead isotopes and lead vs. other post-transition elements (notably Uranium and Plutonium) are in fact how the age of the Earth was first determined to any level of accuracy, in the early 20th century, and finally with about the present level of accuracy, to within about 50 million years, in the 1950s. (That research also uncovered some other interesting facts.)
- But NO, not all lead that exists is the result of the decay of heavier elements. In fact "The abundance of lead in the Solar System since its formation 4.5 billion years ago has increased by about 0.75%", from Wikipedia. So the mere existence of elemental lead is NOT in fact proof of the age of the Earth. The existence of some lead does however strongly support modern estimates. Whether or not the existence of lead at all is sufficient disproof of the 4,000 year age-of-the-Earth belief might depend on other factors and explanations. But it isn't due to the mechanism presented in this meme.
Scientific knowledge is based on accurate statements supported by evidence and/or experiment (though not necessarily the latter), as well as known mechanisms. The response in this meme actually fails this test. Its conclusion is correct (the Earth is more than 4,000 years old), its reasoning is false.
I'd also add that the usual fundamentalist Christian / Biblical age of the Earth is based on the Ussher Chronology, by 17th century Archbishop of Armagh and Primate of All Ireland James Ussher, who reckoned by Biblical evidence the date of Earth's creation to be October 23, 4004 BC, or 6,023 years and a few months old. In an extraordinarily rare instance of my citing the Institute for Creation Research as an authority on anything --- though as an authority on wrong answers, this seems excusable --- it also notes:
Scripture presents enough chronological information to estimate the number of years between Adam, whom God created on Day 6 of the creation week, and Christ, who was the last Adam. ... Adding these and other pieces, most of which even find confirmation from secular archaeological sources, brackets an age for the world of around 6,000 years.
Our Christian Against Science is also somewhat against their own Christian authorities here. But I'll let that slide since even the generally accepted creationist wrong answer is wrong by a factor of very nearly 1 million-fold (750,000 to be more precise).
Evidence of the Age of the Earth
Supposing you did want to come up with estimates of the age of the Earth, or the Universe, which one presumes that God dude might have made at roughly the same time, you could look at the history of scientific attempts to date the planet and cosmos.
By the 1790s, geologists were determining, based on fossils, sedimentation rates, and other evidence, with John Philips estimating that the Earth was at least 96 million years old, already far older than Ussher's Biblical chronology. Other scientific reckoning arrived at different numbers. Comte do Buffon looked at the rate of cooling of objects and tried to extrapolate to that of the Earth and arrived at an age of 75,000 years. That's over 1,000 times less than Smith's estimate, but still well over 10 times Ussher's. William Thomson, 1st Baron Kelvin also used thermodynamic arguments to estimate age at 20 million to 400 million years. (These rate-of-cooling estimates were made in ignorance of radioactivity and didn't account for the possibility of heat production within the Earth's interior, only one of several ways the discovery of radioactivity changed our understanding).
I'll skip over other 19th and early 20th century estimates to look at the model of plate tectonics, which became the central organising principle of geology only recently, being formally adopted in 1965, though it was first seriously proposed around 1915. The idea that "plates" constituting continents and ocean floors moved about over a liquid interior explains a tremendous amount of observed geological phenomena and evidence. The observable rates of movement, continental boundaries, similar geological formations, and similar fossil finds, also give us a timeframe for estimating an earlier supercontinent era of the Earth, characterised by a single large continent "Gondwana", about 180 million years ago. This need not have been the formation of the Earth, but it again points to an age far greater than Ussher's estimate.
The Earth is far more than 6,000 years old.
Evidence of the Age of the Universe
Looking outward we can determine distances to remote parts of the Universe based on several factors, two of the most notable of which are specific type of stars, and of the degree of red-shifting of light spectra which increases with distance.
Among the benchmark stars is one known as a Cepheid variable, which have a distinctive behaviour, changing in brightness in a characteristic manner and having a consistent absolute brightness. Another being Type 1A supernovae, also of characteristic brightness By noting the observed brightness of such stars, estimates of distances can be arrived at. Cepheids can be used to determine distances both within the Milky Way and to other galaxies. Supernovae can be seen across large portions of the visible Universe.
Redshift is the observed shift of atomic spectral emission and absorption bands such as in hydrogen and helium, both major constituents of stars, which increases with distance according to Hubble's Law. The greater the redshift, the greater the distance. And via redshift, we can directly observe distances of billions of light years. Since light travels at the rate of one light year per year, distance is also time, and so we're looking back in time billions of years. Again, the timeframes greatly exceed Ussher's increasingly troubled estimate.
We don't even have to call on Cepheids and redshift though.
Simple geometry, combined with modern telescope optics and precision, allow dynamical paralax estimates to be measured directly, by observing the apparent motion of "near" stars against the distant background. This is good to about 1,000 parsecs, or just a bit under 4,000 light years. Again, since looking further in distance is looking back in time, this means we're seeing relatively near regions of space which are roughly as distant, and as far back in time, as Ussher's estimate of the age of the entire Universe would be. Structures such as the Milky Way galaxy have an estimated diameter of 150,000 to 200,000 light years, with the largest galaxies being about 700,000 light hears in diameter. As before, space is time, and the implied ages of these structures greatly exceeds the Ussher chronology.
The Universe is far more than 6,000 years old.
Lead
Back to lead: Most of this is thought to have formed slowly in stars through what's called the s-process or r-process of neutron capture, in which lighter atomic nuclei acquire an additional neutron, or in "high neutron density environments" such as supernovae or neutron-star mergers. Lead occupies a position of stability within the nuclear potential curve, and so tends to be preferentially created. Again, whilst some lead on Earth is created through radioactive decay, most, probably more than 99% of it, was part of the initial planetary formation, having been initially created in stars, supernovae, or neutron-star collisions or mergers.
The period from about 1910 to 1965 was an extraordinary one for the understanding of Earth's geology. Nuclear chemistry and radioactivity gave new models for understanding and explaining phenomena, as did relativity and advances in astronomy. All collectively pointed to a far, far, far older world than even earlier scientific estimates had contemplated. Arthur Holmes made the first radiometric estimate in 1911, finding that tested rock samples were 1.6 billion years old. By 1927 the range was given as 1.6 to 3.0 billion years. Through the 1950s and 1960s, further estimates were based on terrestrial and extraterrestrial materials --- Earth-based rocks and meteorites, principally, but also returned Lunar samples. All converged on the 4.54 billion year +/- 1% range, suggesting a common formation of the entire Solar System.
One side-light of this work was the discovery of extensive lead contamination of virtually the entire laboratory used for this work in the 1950s, as well as any materials brought in from elsewhere. This was ultimately traced to the addition of lead to petrol in the US and elsewhere as an anti-knock formulation, and resulting in pervasive lead contamination of the environment, now thought to have had a major impact on health, cognitive development, mental health, and possibly criminal behaviour.
Geology and Creationism
That's only one of the intersections of geology, dating of the Earth, and the petrochemical industry. Fundamentalism, mentioned earlier, derives its name from The Fundamentals a series of books published between 1910 and 1915, by Lyman Stewart, the founder of Union Oil (later Unocal), and of Biola University, the Bible Institute of Los Angeles. Stewart was also responsible for introducing the use of field geologists into the practice of petroleum prospecting. Fundamentalism and Biola University have played major roles in advancing Young Earth Creationist myths and disinformation, whilst their founder and benefactor's own firm benefited from the applications of scientific geology.
Life is complicated.
But yeah: Earth is old. 4.54 billion +/- 1% years old.
Adapted from a comment posted here.
#Science #ScienceBitches #AccurateScienceIsBetterScience #AgeOfTheEarth #Lead #Creationism #Fundamentalism #LymanStewart #RedShift #CepheidVariables #RadiometricDating
