World Health Organization Guideline for Lower Back Pain: Yes to Acupuncture; No to Most Drugs
On Dec. 7, 2023, the World Health Organization (WHO) released its “Guideline for Non-Surgical Management of Chronic Primary Low Back Pain in Adults in Primary and Community Care Settings.” The purpose of the 244-page document is to “provide evidence-based recommendations on nonsurgical interventions for chronic primary LBP in adults” that will improve outcomes. Acupuncture is among the interventions the guideline recommends for all adults, including older adults.
The guideline reviews both the benefits and the harms of nonsurgical interventions in the management of chronic primary Low Back Pain. In addition to acupuncture, the guideline is also in favor of structured exercise, massage, spinal manipulation, NSAIDs and topical cayenne pepper (Capsicum frutescens).
Acetaminophen, benzodiazepines and cannabis-related pharmaceutical preparations received “no recommendation,” while listing potential harmful effects including “cardiovascular, renal and gastrointestinal harms and increased mortality risk” for acetaminophen; “potential harms including memory impairment, misuse, overdose deaths from respiratory depression, somnolence, fatigue and light-headedness potentially leading to falls” for benzodiazepines; and “evidence of possible adverse events, including harms associated with its nonmedicinal use” for cannabis-related pharmaceutical preparations.
