#oceans

faab64@diasp.org

Scientists have confirmed that much of the DDT dumped decades ago in Southern California coastal waters near Catalina Island remains in its most potent form in startling high concentrations, spread across a wide swath of seafloor.

“We still see original DDT on the seafloor from 50, 60, 70 years ago, which tells us that it’s not breaking down the way that [we] once thought it should,” said UC Santa Barbara scientist David Valentine, who shared these preliminary findings Thursday during a research update with more than 90 people working on the issue. “And what we’re seeing now is that there is DDT that has ended up all over the place, not just within this tight little circle on a map that we referred to as Dumpsite Two.”

#ddt #california #pollution #nature #oceans #catastrophe #environment
https://www.latimes.com/environment/story/2023-03-23/scientists-uncover-startling-concentrations-of-pure-ddt-along-seafloor-off-l-a-coast

faab64@diasp.org

It's a map of the Atlantic Ocean floor published in 1968 based on a large number of deep ocean soundings compiled by Bruce Heezen and Marie Tharp, painted by Heinrich Berann. Marie Tharp (1920–2006) was an American Geologist and oceanographic cartographer who, in partnership with Bruce Heezen, created the first scientific map of the Atlantic Ocean floor. Tharp's work revealed the presence of the mid-Atlantic Ridge, causing a paradigm shift in Earth science that led to acceptance of the theories of plate tectonics and continental drift.
The Mid-Atlantic Ridge is a mid-ocean ridge, a divergent tectonic plate or 'constructive plate boundary' located along the floor of the Atlantic Ocean, and part of the longest mountain range in the world. In the North Atlantic it separates the Eurasian and North American Plates, and in the South Atlantic it separates the African and South American Plates. Although the Mid Atlantic Ridge is mostly an underwater feature, portions of it have enough elevation to extend above sea level. The section of the ridge that includes the island of Iceland is also known as the Reykjanes Ridge. The ridge has an average spreading rate of about 2.5 centimetres (0.98 in) per year.
#Our_World #earth #Nature #Oceans #science

faab64@diasp.org

New Zealand: Over 200 whales die in mass stranding

More than 200 #whales have died in a remote island off the eastern coast of #NewZealand. Rescue teams were unable to refloat the whales because of the active threat of great white sharks in the region.

More than 200 pilot whales have died after being stranded on the shores of New Zealand's remote Chatham Islands, the New Zealand's Department of Conservation said on Saturday.

Conservation officers said in a statement that they could not actively refloat whales stuck on the island because of "the risk of shark attack to both humans and the whales themselves."
#Earth #Oceans #Catastrophe #Environment
https://m.dw.com/en/new-zealand-over-200-whales-die-in-mass-stranding/a-63377484

mlansbury@despora.de

More than 5,000 dolphins die in Black Sea as a result of Russia’s war

Russia's war in Ukraine is not only killing civilians but defenceless animals as well.

Marine biologists and ecologists from countries in the Black Sea region are sounding the alarm, as dolphins die en masse for the fourth month in a row.

Ivan Rusev, an environmental scientist at Ukraine's Tuzly Estuaries National Nature Park, estimates at least 5,000 dolphins have died in the Black Sea between March and July.

This number is three times higher compared to pre-war figures, according to Rusev.

https://kyivindependent.com/national/more-than-5-000-dolphins-die-in-black-sea-as-a-result-of-russias-war

#environment #BlackSea #dolphins #ecology #war #RussiaInvadedUkraine #RussiaUkraineWar #marine #wildlife #oceans #

anonymiss@despora.de

Shouldn't the destruction of the #oceans be considered #genocide, since it deprives the coastal inhabitants of their #livelihood? In #Somalia, #fishermen had to retrain as #pirates because of this.

source: https://www.independent.co.uk/news/oceans-ap-portugal-lisbon-atlantic-b2110007.html

No comprehensive legal framework covers the high seas. Oceans cover some 70% of the earth’s surface and provide food and livelihoods for billions of people. Some activists refer to them as the largest unregulated area on the planet.

#food #fish #problem #environment #sea #pollution #news #UNO #humanrights #politics #economy

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

RCA students develop underwater urns that double as oyster reefs

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Colourful Resting Reef oyster capsules by Louise Lenborg Skajem and Aura Elena Murillo Pérez

Graduates from London's Royal College of Art have developed a way to form Resting Reefs from cremated ashes in a bid to provide a "meaningful funeral service" that regenerates endangered ecosystems.

Created by students Louise Lenborg Skajem and Aura Elena Murillo Pérez, the process involves creating individual urns or "oyster capsules" from the ashes of the deceased.

The ashes were mixed with a binder and crushed oyster shells discarded by restaurants to create a composite that was 3D printed into organically-shaped mounds.

Burial pod made from pulverised oyster shells pictured next to oyster shellsThe Resting Reef urns contain bone ash

The pods mimic the form and natural growth process of ancient stromatolite reefs to offer ideal growing conditions for oysters on their ridged surface.

The individual capsules can be combined to create entire artificial reefs-cum-cemeteries to bolster natural oyster reef numbers, which have dwindled by 85 per cent due to human activities and are now on the brink of extinction.

Although Lenborg Skajem and Murillo Pérezthe have yet to test their prototypes in real marine environments, the students believe that their Resting Reefs could function much like natural oyster reefs to prevent erosion, protect shorelines from storms and regenerate biodiversity by creating a habitat for oysters and other sea life.

Samples of bone powder mixed with oyster shells and natural pigments by Colourful Resting Reef oyster capsules by Louise Lenborg Skajem and Aura Elena Murillo PérezThey can be coloured using natural pigments

Unlike contemporary funeral practices, which have an outsized environmental impact, the ultimate aim is to create a burial method that actively regenerates marine ecosystems and foster an emotional investment in their continued protection.

"Resting Reef is not only aiming to reduce negative impacts but to generate positive ones," Murillo Pérez told Dezeen. "We do this by creating reef structures that nourish and accommodate marine growth while giving people a meaningful funeral service."

"We are designing new rituals and ways of remembrance that enable deeper connections with ourselves, our deceased loved ones and the marine environment."

Various material samples of Resting Reef burial pods Lenborg Skajem and Murillo Pérez experimented with various material formulations

Traditional burials require vast amounts of land, embalming chemicals and emissions-intensive materials like steel and concrete, while cremation releases 400 kilograms of CO2 into the atmosphere for everybody burned.

Resting Reefs, on the other hand, are based on a burgeoning practice called water cremation, which sees a body placed in a steel chamber filled with hot water and a strong alkaline chemical such as potassium hydroxide.

Over the course of around four hours, this effectively dissolves all of the body's tissues and leaves behind only the bones.

Close up of mound-like burial capsule by Colourful Resting Reef oyster capsules by Louise Lenborg Skajem and Aura Elena Murillo PérezThe pods can be moulded or 3D printed

These are subsequently dried in an oven and reduced to bone ash, in a process that uses five times less energy than cremation and reduces emissions by 35 per cent.

As the students did not have access to actual human remains to create their prototypes, they instead worked with animal bones combined with pulverised oyster shells.

"Oysters prefer settling onto hard surfaces, especially calcium carbonate which their own shells are made of," Lenborg Skajem said. "We are still developing and testing our formula, but it will contain a binder like a low-carbon cement suitable for marine environments."

[ Capsula Mundi

Read:

Egg-shaped burial pod aims to "change our approach to death"

](https://www.dezeen.com/2019/03/31/capsula-mundi-egg-shaped-burial-pod/)

This mixture can be cast or 3D-printed into customisable reef structures modelled on stromatolites – limestone reefs formed by the growth of blue-green algae that are considered some of the earliest examples of life on earth.

"The way they grow is in layers, which is very similar to how oyster shells grow," Lenborg Skajem said. "We are using 3D printers to biomimic similar layers and ridges that are ideal for small marine organisms to attach to."

Lenborg Skajem and Murillo Pérez are developing a number of prototype capsules with different material compositions as part of being shortlisted for the Terra Carta Design Lab competition organised by Prince Charles and Jony Ive.

Various material samples of Resting Reef burial pods They are made with pulverised oyster shells

Once their design is finalised, the idea is that Resting Reefs would be installed and maintained in collaboration with existing reef restoration programmes.

"We aim to have beautiful sites where people connect with nature and can visit their loved ones," Murillo Pérez said. "The sites will also be available for local people that wish to visit and learn more about how the reef is serving their coast."

Render of Resting Reef pier by Louise Lenborg Skajem and Aura Elena Murillo PérezThe pods could be used to form entire reefs-cum-cemeteries

The artificial reefs could even act as "blue carbon" sinks, in which atmospheric CO2 is drawn down and sequestered in marine and coastal ecosystems such as mangroves and salt marshes.

But this would be highly dependent on the location of the reefs and the exact footprint of the low-carbon concrete used in their production.

Render of resting reef pier Resting Reefs could act as a place of both mourning and education

A number of other companies, such as Florida-based Eternal Reefs and Solace Reefs in the UK, have created similar underwater burial services that see ashes integrated into perforated concrete domes called "reef balls".

But these are generally more emissions-intensive as they are made using traditional concrete and human ashes derived from incineration.

On land, designers have reimagined burial methods to be more sustainable by creating seed-filled urns that grow into trees and coffins that use fungus to quickly degrade bodies while fertilising the surrounding soil.

The post RCA students develop underwater urns that double as oyster reefs appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #design #royalcollegeofart #death #urns #oceans

david_lazarus@pluspora.com

We need a strong global treaty to help curb the plastic pollution crisis
#Plastic #SingleUse #Pollution #Treaty #Oceans #Waterways #Crisis #Greenpeace #Petition

"Next week, we have an historic opportunity. We have the chance to drastically reduce plastic waste through the adoption of a global plastics treaty at the upcoming United Nations Environment Assembly (UNEA) meeting. But we need your help.

Starting February 28th, the UNEA will meet in Nairobi, Kenya to discuss a mandate to open negotiations for an international, legally-binding treaty on plastic. This means that plastic pollution will be globally regulated and everybody will have to comply.

We’re asking our amazing supporters to sign the petition calling on the NZ Government to support a strong global plastics treaty. Will you help us seize this rare opportunity for change?

The movement pushing for lasting solutions to the plastic pollution crisis is gaining speed! A few days ago, weeks before Global Plastics Treaty discussions, Coca-Cola announced it will make at least 25% of its packaging reusable by 2030.

Is this enough? No: we need Coke to do more by committing to 50% reusable packaging by 2030 and other big brands like Pepsi, Unilever and Nestlé must follow suit.

Things are changing – just not fast enough to match the scale of the crisis. That’s why we need a legally binding global treaty. A strong treaty means keeping oil and gas in the ground. It means big brands switching to refill and reuse systems. It means working in solidarity with frontline communities. It means better air and climate.

To truly tackle this global crisis, we need a solution that matches the scale of the problem. A commitment between nations is what we need to stop plastic pollution at its source and save the planet. A global treaty is the solution.

Please talk to your friends and whānau about signing the petition today. Let’s stand together to ensure that we encourage the NZ Government to support a strong global plastics treaty.

As always, thanks for taking the time to read this email and your ongoing support.

Ngā mihi,
Juressa and the Greenpeace Aotearoa whānau"

Please sign the petition

olddog@diasp.org

Don't look down! Amazing picture captures whale shark looking for its next meal

https://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2022/02/21/dont-look-amazing-picture-captures-whale-shark-looking-next/

Don't look down! Amazing picture captures whale shark looking for its next meal

Freediver's brush with the eight-metre creature was captured by her husband
By Telegraph Reporters 21 February 2022 • 10:02am

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The whale shark was looking for food - and Alice Edgar was in the way
The whale shark was looking for food Credit: Edgar Pacific Photography / CATERS NEWS

Alice Edgar, 33, was enjoying a swim in South Ari Atoll, Maldives, with her photographer husband David, when she realised they were not alone.

Because lurking there, just below her flippers, was an eight-metre-long whale shark - and it was hungry.

David, from Sydney, Australia, said: "Whale sharks are the biggest of all fish species and are actually filter feeders, meaning they swim through the sea with their mouths open to pick up tiny plankton that drift through the ocean currents.

"The South Ari Atoll at this time of year has large plankton plumes and this attracts whale sharks to the area.

"In these shots, Alice is freediving next to an eight-metre-long whale shark as it swims against the current, sucking up all the plankton in its path."

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A whale shark in the Maldives
Credit: Edgar Pacific Photography / CATERS NEWS

"This whale shark was completely focused on feeding and was completely indifferent to our presence in the water.

"On one occasion, the whale shark turned directly toward me as I happened to be swimming through a particularly dense area of plankton.

"I swam backward quickly and fired off a few shots, some of which turned out to be my best of the day."

#Nature #Oceans #Photography #WhaleShark

olddog@diasp.org

Image

Gulf Stream could be veering toward irreversible collapse, a new analysis warns | Space

https://www.space.com/gulf-stream-close-to-collapse

Gulf Stream could be veering toward irreversible collapse, a new analysis warns

By Ben Turner about 10 hours ago

The shutdown would have catastrophic effects across the globe

The weakening of ocean currents could cause temperatures to drop dramatically and permanently across the Northern Hemisphere. (Image credit: NASA/Goddard Space Flight Center Scientific Visualization Studio)

One of the most crucial ocean current systems for regulating the Northern Hemisphere's climate could be on the verge of total collapse due to climate change, a new study has revealed.

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC), which includes the Gulf Stream and is responsible for moderating large parts of the world's climate, has undergone "an almost complete loss of stability over the last century", according to a new analysis. The currents work like a conveyor belt to transport warm, salty water northward from the tropics and cold water back south along the seafloor. This giant conveyor belt had already been shown to be at its weakest in more than a thousand years, but now it could be veering toward a total breakdown.

Such a collapse would have a disastrous impact on global weather systems, leading to sea-level rises in the Atlantic; greater cooling and more powerful storms across the Northern Hemisphere; and severe disruption to the rain that billions of people rely upon to grow crops in Africa, South America and India, according to the U.K.'s meteorological office.

The study author believes that this transition could occur rapidly after the ocean current system is driven beyond a critical tipping point.

"The findings support the assessment that the AMOC decline is not just a fluctuation or a linear response to increasing temperatures but likely means the approaching of a critical threshold beyond which the circulation system could collapse," author Niklas Boers, a researcher at the Potsdam Institute for Climate Impact Research in Germany, said in a statement.

Data taken from past analyses of Atlantic ice cores and other geological records show that the AMOC can exist in two stable states: a stronger, faster state that humans rely upon today and another that is much slower and weaker. According to Boers, the existence of the two states implies that "abrupt transitions between the two circulation modes are in principle possible."

This means that the current as we know it could weaken until it reaches a tipping point, flipping from the stronger state to the weaker one. This will rapidly transform climates across the Northern Hemisphere to be much less temperate than they are right now.

The Gulf Stream current (red) speeds warm water up the eastern coast of the United States, where it clashes with cold water in the North Atlantic.
The Gulf Stream current (red) speeds warm water up the eastern coast of the United States, where it clashes with cold water in the North Atlantic. (Image credit: NASA Earth Observatory)

The new study attempts to resolve a hot topic of debate among scientists who investigate ocean currents: whether the AMOC's recent weakening means it will simply circulate a little bit more slowly but in a way that humans can reduce through lowering carbon emissions, or if it means the AMOC is about to flip to a permanently weaker form that could not be reversed for hundreds of years.

"The difference is crucial," said Boers. If it's the latter, that would mean "the AMOC has approached its critical threshold, beyond which a substantial and in practice likely irreversible transition to the weak mode could occur."

In bad news for the planet, after analyzing the sea-surface temperature and salinity patterns of the Atlantic Ocean, the study researchers concluded the weakening of the current across the last century was more likely to be associated with an irreversible loss of stability.

This is because the AMOC's ability to circulate is highly dependent on salty water flowing from the south being able to sink below and displace colder northern water. And that in turn depends on the southern water being denser than the water in the north to keep the cycle going.

Ocean water density depends largely upon its temperature and saltiness. Currently, the more salty southern part of the current gets colder — and therefore denser — as it gains latitude. As the southern waters cool to the same temperatures as the northern waters they are flowing towards, the extra density brought by the additional salt allows the water from the south to sink below the less salty northern water, consequently pushing it southwards in an endless global conveyor belt.

But now that hotter temperatures and an inflow of freshwater from melting ice sheets have made the water warmer and less salty, the current is becoming increasingly less dense and less able to sink. This could threaten to stop the entire flow of the AMOC and create a devastating, and irreversible shift in global climate systems, the researchers said.

The critical threshold after which the collapse occurs could be reached much sooner than scientists first thought, according to Boers.

"I wouldn't have expected that the excessive amounts of freshwater added in the course of the last century would already produce such a response in the overturning circulation," Boers said in the statement. "We urgently need to reconcile our models with the presented observational evidence to assess how far from or how close to its critical threshold the AMOC really is."

The team added that, though the strength of the contributions made by the varying factors to the current's slowing had yet to be weighed against each other, all of the factors were connected to human-caused climate change.

The researchers published their findings Aug. 5 in the journal Nature Climate Change.

#Oceans #GulfStream #AtlanticMeridionalOverturningCirculation #AMOC #Climate

petapixel@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

Photographing Waves: One of The Most Rewarding Subjects

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Waves are some of the most rewarding subjects for photography that I know. For starters, if you miss one, another will be along very soon! Of course, they are also unpredictable and can be dangerous. What is fascinating is that no single wave will be exactly the same as any other wave that has existed since the beginning of time. Mind-blowing stuff.

When you’re starting out in wave photography, it is helpful to have a rudimentary understanding of different types of waves and what you’re likely to encounter on different beaches. Wide beaches with shallow falls typically experience long, rolling breakers. These graceful waves are a pleasure to photograph. The curl of a rolling wave is attractive but this perspective can be elusive as the topography of the coast often fails to offer a side-on angle.


This story is brought to you byELEMENTS Magazine. ELEMENTS is the new monthly magazine dedicated to the finest landscape photography, insightful editorials and fluid, clean design. Use the PETAPIXEL10 code for a 10% discount off the annual subscription.


Some photographers take to the water with waterproof camera housings and capture amazing moments within or even underneath waves (although not on the beaches where I make photos!). Obviously, this approach is for confident swimmers and, if you want to try it out, I strongly recommend that you first spend time getting to know your location and how to navigate the waves there safely. However, if it isn’t safe to swim or you’d simply prefer to stay on terra firma, don’t give up just because you can’t access the popular “curl.” A front-on perspective can also work; the moment a breaker starts to drop is often all that’s needed to break the line and add visual interest.

On steeper, narrower beaches, there may be backwash. This is when water that has travelled up the beach falls back with enough power that, when it meets another wave, the water is pushed upwards, creating a wall. This is a marvellous subject and you can go wide to show the impact in its setting or zoom in tight to explore the textures. “Clapotis” is a sort of backwash wave. This lovely French word describes the moment that a wave, having bounced off a quay or cliff, crashes into another wave. The shapes often seem to defy gravity. This sort of photography is more like sports or wildlife than landscape work. Fast shutter speeds, responsive focusing and quick reflexes are the order of the day. I suggest you use high-speed continuous or burst mode and run off 3 or four frames for each wave.

As with everything, it pays to know your location and to have done your research. For example, if the wind is blowing from the north, there’s little point in visiting a south-facing beach backed by cliffs. However, if the land behind the beach is flat, a strong offshore wind may be ideal as it will hold back the waves, making them pile higher, and you’ll get spindrift off the top. Equally, think about the tide and the light. There are usually fewer waves at low tide. Harsh midday sun is difficult, and you’ll likely need a polariser to mitigate the shiny patches of water whereas backlit waves can be gorgeous when the sun is low.

Point of view makes all the difference and there are so many variations on the standard, head-height position. If you can get low, your waves will stand proud of the horizon. Not every beach gets big waves, but they all get waves of some sort, even if just from the wake of passing vessels. If you lie on the beach, even small waves can look mighty.

Alternatively, try a higher point of view, a clifftop perhaps. Photos taken from above are no longer about the size of the waves. Instead, they make the pattern the star of the show. Waves leave in their wake wonderful shapes that we never see from beach level. Next time you watch the sea from a cliff, notice the beauty of a wave’s footprint.

The sea is always moving so shutter speed is probably your biggest decision; 1/800 or faster will freeze the waves, capturing all the detail. However, slower shutter speeds are also hugely enjoyable. I particularly like ¼” as it keeps the wave’s overall shape, but the details seem like brushstrokes. In my photos, “Theia” and “Twist,” the waves are the same basic shape, but one is caught at 1/800 and one at ¼”. While we’re experimenting, how about adding some intentional camera movement. I like shutter speeds close to 1” and subtle movement so that I can still see the idea of a wave within the blur. I prefer not to use a tripod for ICM. I’m not looking for perfection here – I want the result to look like a painting and paintings aren’t perfect, at least the good ones aren’t.

If you’ve ever tried to photograph waves and been disappointed, I suggest you try a longer focal length. It will suck the viewer into the action and the wave will almost certainly look more exciting. Most of my storm waves were captured using a 70-200mm lens. More recently, I’ve been using a 100-400mm. This is harder because, at 400mm, it’s difficult to see enough of the sea to find the best waves. I’m enjoying the challenge. Long focal lengths offer a way to create difference. The casual viewer will see the big scene, but they won’t notice the curious textures within a wave. For this kind of work, you have to compose like a photographer of abstracts, thinking only of shape and colour, rather than the subject as a whole.

So far, I’ve concentrated on waves alone but waves as they break against the shore also make exciting subjects, stirring our imagination with awe and even fear. As these photographs tend to reference scale and location, they are often more documentary in style; however, that’s not always the case. I happened to publish my photograph, “Face-of” during the voting for the U.S. presidential election. This was entirely coincidental (I’m British), but several people commented that the picture represented the clash of candidates and ideologies! People will always find metaphors in the sea.

I’ve outlined just a few of the possible ways to photograph waves. As with any subject, the best approach is to be open-minded and willing to experiment. Try everything and see what happens, then make changes based on your experience. Be prepared to make a lot of bad photos (remember, this is more like sports than landscape photography). Above all, make sure you take time to just watch and listen to the waves. The sea’s music is beautiful and inspiring and I firmly believe you will make better art if you let it into your soul.

Safety

I don’t want to spoil the flow of the article with a homily on safety but I feel it would be irresponsible not to mention it at all. Waves can be dangerous. It’s important that you know the relevant tides, wind direction and speed. Working on a falling tide is safest. If it’s not safe to get as close to the waves as you would like, come back another day with a longer lens. Trust your instincts – if you feel at risk, you probably are. Lens hoods are good for keeping spray off the lens and I recommend that you always wipe everything down with fresh water after you leave the beach.


**The article is courtesy ofELEMENTS Magazine. **ELEMENTS is the new monthly magazine dedicated to the finest landscape photography, insightful editorials, and fluid, clean design. Inside you will find exclusive and in-depth articles and imagery by the best landscape photographers in the world such as Freeman Patterson, Bruce Barnbaum, Rachael Talibart, Charles Cramer, Hans Strand, Erin Babnik, and Tony Hewitt, to name a few. Use the PETAPIXEL10 code for a 10% discount off the annual subscription.


About the author: Rachael Talibart is a professional seascape and coastal photographer. Her critically acclaimed photographs of the ocean and coast have been featured in the press all over the world. Rachael is represented by galleries in Europe and the USA, her work is frequently exhibited and her limited-edition prints are collected internationally. She is the author of three monographs, including ‘Sirens’ and, most recently, Tides and Tempests. Rachael owns f11 Workshops, providing location and online photography training and she leads international photography tours for Ocean Capture. You will find Rachael Talibart’s series “Oceans and Odysseys” in the ELEMENTS Magazine.

#editorial #tips #travel #abstractlandscapephotography #abstractlandscapes #elements #elementsmagazine #fineart #fineartlandscapephotography #fineartphotography #landscapephotographer #landscapephotography #oceans #rachaeltalibart #waves