#genetics
"Colossal released a progress report on the work involved in resurrecting the thylacine, also known as the Tasmanian tiger, which went extinct when the last known survivor died in a zoo in 1936. Marsupial biology has some features that may make de-extinction somewhat easier, but we have far less sophisticated ways of manipulating it compared to the technology we've developed for working with the stem cells and reproduction of placental mammals. But, based on these new announcements, the technology available for working with marsupials is expanding rapidly."
"Colossal has obtained a nearly complete genome sequence from a thylacine sample that was preserved in ethanol a bit over a century ago. According to Pask, this sample contains both the short fragments typical of older DNA samples (typically just a few hundred base pairs long), but also some DNA molecules that were above 10,000 bases long."
De-extinction company provides a progress report on thylacine efforts
Environmental and genetic causes of cerebral small-vessel disease
https://precisionmed.eu/en/environmental-and-genetic-causes-of-cerebral-small-vessel-disease/
#genetics #diabetes #SVD #CADASIL #Binswanger #health
The Economic Decline of Germany
The suicidal decision to increase energy prices is now causing centuries-old German breweries to shut down:
The #decline of the traditional #German brewing #industry shows no signs of slowing down. Recently, several breweries have filed for #bankruptcy or closed permanently, resulting in the loss of centuries-old brewing traditions.
The latest victims are the Gambrinus Brewery in Weiden, Upper Palatinate, and the Gesellschaftsbrauerei Viechtach, about 100 km southeast. Both are located in the Bavarian border region with the Czech Republic, an area often described as structurally weak. The nearly 100-year-old Gambrinus Brewery filed for insolvency on Friday at the Weiden District Court due to unpaid bills and outstanding wages. The brewery’s decline is attributed to rising costs, pandemic-related sales losses, and internal issues, with current production at around 15,000 hl, half its peak output.
On Thursday, it was announced that the insolvent Gesellschaftsbrauerei Viechtach would close permanently after nearly 500 years, ceasing production. Despite intensive negotiations, no investors were willing to continue operations. Remaining employees have been let go, and the Viechtacher brand will continue to be produced at the nearby Hofmark Brewery in Loifling, located in the Cham district of the Upper Palatinate.
Last month, the 672-year-old Karmeliter-Bräu from Salz near Bad Neustadt an der Saale (about 75 km northeast of Würzburg) permanently closed its doors. The brand and distribution rights were acquired by Oettinger Brewery, one of Germany’s largest brewery groups, mainly active in the entry-level segment. It is speculated that the brand, named after a monastic order, will be used to establish the group in the higher-priced segment, similar to other well-known brands like Trappist, Augustiner, Paulaner, Franziskaner, Benediktiner, and Kapuziner.
In addition to various external and internal factors, the wave of brewery closures is also due to declining beer consumption in #Germany. Recent figures show a significant drop in sales in June 2024 compared to June 2023, with a total decrease of 11.2% or nearly 1 million hl. The Federal Statistical Office reported that beer sales in June 2024, at 7.77 million hl, were the lowest for June since the Beer Tax Act was revised in 1993.
#Prosperity is never a given. This decline, and in some cases, inevitable #collapse of various #societies is the direct result of the national elites being subverted and converted to false and foreign ideologies that promote dyscivilizational dysgenics. #Diversity is not a strength, it is a fatal #cancer to every society, as is readily observable in the histories of every #fallen #empire. The #migrants are no better for the #Germans than the #Spaniards were for the #Incas, or than the #Arabs were for the #Byzantines. In the end, it’s not the armies that eradicate a #human #society, but the #women and #children who normally follow them and eventually replace the #native #genetics with their own.
A Germany full of Germans is an economic powerhouse. An area of 357,022 square kilometers in the middle of #Europe populated primarily by German-speaking #Turks, #Arabs, and #Africans will be neither German nor an economic powerhouse. This is not rocket science.
The dirt is not magic. The ideas are not material. People will always live according to their own natural preferences. The transplantation of White Anglo-Saxon Protestants to the New World is what made America what it was in the place of the American Indian societies that preceded it. Neither geography nor ideology nor language nor even religion are determinant in the end, as genetics ultimately and always dictates the destinies of nations.
As the great Israeli military historian Martin van Creveld has written, #immigration is #war. To be more specific, it is war on the native people and their culture.
Lifespan of different species correlated with mutation rate of non-reproductive (somatic) cells. This research came out in 2022 but for some reason I only found out about it today. But it seems worth sharing as it seems a key insight into the nature of lifespan. Humans have 47 substitutions per year, while mice have 796 and live much shorter lives.
"To study somatic mutations across a diverse set of mammals, we isolated 208 individual intestinal crypts from 56 individuals across 16 species with a wide range of lifespans and body sizes: black-and-white colobus monkey, cat, cow, dog, ferret, giraffe, harbour porpoise, horse, human, lion, mouse, naked mole-rat, rabbit, rat, ring-tailed lemur, and tiger."
"We chose intestinal crypts for several reasons. First, they are histologically identifiable units that line the epithelium of the colon and small intestine and are amenable to laser microdissection. Second, human studies have confirmed that individual crypts become clonally derived from a single stem cell and show a linear accumulation of mutations with age, which enables the estimation of somatic mutation rates through genome sequencing of single crypts. Third, in most human crypts, most somatic mutations are caused by endogenous mutational processes common to other tissues, rather than by environmental mutagens."
"Across species, the mutational spectra showed clear similarities, with a dominance of cytosine-to-thymine (C>T) substitutions at CpG sites, as observed in human colon, but with considerable variation in the frequency of other substitution types."
"Across the 15 species with age information, we found that substitution rates per genome ranged from 47 substitutions per year in humans to 796 substitutions per year in mice, and indel rates from 2.5 to 158 indels per year, respectively."
"Indel", short for insertion/deletion, is a general term that may refer to any combination of insertions and deletions in DNA.
"To investigate the relationship between somatic mutation rates, lifespan and other life-history traits, we first estimated the lifespan of each species using survival curves. We used a large collection of mortality data from animals in zoos to minimize the effect of extrinsic mortality. We defined lifespan as the age at which 80% of individuals reaching adulthood have died, to reduce the effects of outliers and variable cohort sizes that affect maximum lifespan estimates. Notably, we found a tight anticorrelation between somatic mutation rates per year and lifespan across species. A log-log allometric regression yielded a strong linear anticorrelation between mutation rate per year and lifespan (fraction of inter-species variance explained = 0.85, P = 1 x 10^-6), with a slope close to and not significantly different from -1. This supports a simple model in which somatic mutation rates per year are inversely proportional to the lifespan of a species (rate is approximately equal to 1/lifespan), such that the number of somatic mutations per cell at the end of the lifespan (the end-of-lifespan burden) is similar in all species."
"To further study the relationship between somatic mutation rates and life-history variables, we used linear mixed-effects regression models. These models account for the hierarchical structure of the data (with multiple crypts per individual and multiple individuals per species), as well as the heteroscedasticity of somatic mutation rate estimates across species. Using these models, we estimated that the inverse of lifespan explained 82% of the inter-species variance in somatic substitution rates (rate = k/lifespan) (P = 2.9 x 10^-9), with the slope of this regression (k) representing the mean estimated end-of-lifespan burden across species (3,206.4 substitutions per genome per crypt, 95% confidence interval 2,683.9-3,728.9). Of note, despite uncertainty in the estimates of both somatic mutation rates and lifespans, and despite the diverse life histories of the species surveyed--including around 30-fold variation in lifespan and around 40,000-fold variation in body mass--the estimated mutation load per cell at the end of lifespan varied by only around threefold across species."
"Analogous results were obtained when repeating the analysis with estimates of the protein-coding mutation rate, which may be a better proxy for the functional effect of somatic mutations (85% of variance explained; end-of-lifespan burden: 31 coding substitutions per crypt)."
"Giraffe and naked mole-rat, for instance, have similar somatic mutation rates (99 and 93 substitutions per year, respectively), in line with their similar lifespans (80th percentiles: 24 and 25 years, respectively), despite a difference of around 23,000-fold in adult body mass. Similarly, cows, giraffes and horses weigh much more than an average human, and yet have somatic mutation rates that are several fold higher, in line with expectation from their lifespan but not their body mass."
Somatic mutation rates scale with lifespan across mammals
#discoveries #biology #genetics #dna #gwas #lifespan #longevity
"How to have polygenically screened children."
Is it just me or are more people talking about this more suddenly? The idea is that people will have high IQ children using genetic screening, and this will transform the world, and possibly create a great divide between people wealthy enough for the genetically screened high-IQ kids and everyone else.
To me this seems like a moot issue because AI is going to surpass humans. Humans may get a little more intelligent, but AI is on an exponential increase curve, and eventually, we'll have a world with some humans smarter than others but AI a lot smarter than everyone, than all humans.
And if you're thinking, that could take generations -- the current level of AI hype doesn't justify that sort of conclusion! -- yes, but this genetic screening of children takes generations, too. It's generations on both sides.
Start at about 18:00 then go backwards if you feel the need.
#Eugenics #genes #genetics #manipulation #targeted #medicine #MHRA #pregnancy #health
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=dwAXDk8hb4E
Research explores how a father's diet could shape the health of his offspring
A step towards understanding how the effect of diet could transmit from one generation to the next.
A mice study suggests a father's diet may shape the anxiety of his sons and the metabolic health of his daughters before they are even conceived.
https://www.sydney.edu.au/news-opinion/news/2024/04/17/research-explores-how-a-father-s-diet-could-shape-the-health-of-.html
#health #diet #genetics #fathersmatter
"Hackers stole ancestry data of 6.9 million users from 23andMe."
"23andMe describes the DNA Relatives feature as 'one of the most interactive features' offered on the site, 'allowing you to find and connect with genetic relatives and learn more about your family.' By opting in, users hope to find lost family members by willingly giving others access to information like their birth year, current location, and ancestors' names and birth locations."
"The largest group, spanning about 5.5 million users, was hacked after opting in to automatically sharing information with DNA Relatives, including their 'name, birth year, relationship labels, the percentage of DNA shared with relatives, ancestry reports, and self-reported location." "The smaller group, about 1.4 million users, shared 'Family Tree profile information' that was hacked, including display names, relationship labels, birth year, and self-reported location."
Always thought about who DNA sequencing companies might voluntarily reveal the data to -- hadn't thought about what if they were simply hacked. And wonder who wanted this data and why?
Hackers stole ancestry data of 6.9 million users, 23andMe finally confirmed
National Mean IQ Percentage Deviation from Mean Global IQ of 85 for 241 Countries and Dependencies with Continent Region Designation, 2023.
#data #statistics #stats #anthropology #uk #genetics #genotypes #neurology #graphs #charts #morphology #haplogroups #usa #environmentalpressures #adaptation #eu #europe #asia #africa #middleeast #facts #oceania #theamericas #northamerica #un #southamerica #intelligencequotient #iq #nationalmeaniq #globalmeaniq #nato #peoplegroups #haplogroupclustering
GDP Per Capita & National Mean IQ for 240 Countries & Dependencies, using Pearson Sample Correlation Coefficient, 2023.
This demonstrates that as mean IQ goes down, GDP Per Capita also goes down, or conversely, as mean IQ goes UP, GDP Per Capita also goes up, with a 0.63 (strong) correlation.
This is in relationship to the graph provided at the following link: https://iviv.hu/posts/1527586
#gdp #gdppercapita #iq #nationalmeaniq #intelligence #intelligencequotient #trend #correlation #data #research #analysis #uk #usa #economics #statistics #civilization #wealth #society #anthropology #genetics #genotypes #neurology #systems #un #eu #europe #asia #africa #middleeast #gnp #wealthcreation #societalsystems #growth #development #competency #mentalability
By analyzing the genomes of more than 335,000 people and using questionnaires to assess their meat intake, scientists have identified one point in the human genome — rs72884519 on chromosome 18 — that is significantly associated with following a vegetarian diet. In a separate analysis, the researchers identified three gene variants — NPC1, RMC1, and RIOK3 — clustered in that same region that are linked to vegetarianism, as well as another 31 genes elsewhere in the genetic code that may have a "possible role" in this dietary choice.
Correlative Trend Between GDP Per Capita & National Mean IQ for 240 Countries and Dependencies, 2023.
Logic suggests that the higher the mean IQ a people-group exhibits, the more capable they will be to discover, invent, implement, maintain, grow & iterate the complex, interacting societal systems that support economic development & wealth creation.
#gdp #gdppercapita #iq #nationalmeaniq #intelligence #intelligencequotient #trend #correlation #data #research #analysis #uk #usa #economics #statistics #civilization #wealth #society #anthropology #genetics #genotypes #neurology #systems #un #eu #europe #asia #africa #middleeast #gnp #wealthcreation #societalsystems #growth #development #competency #mentalability
#biology #evolution #genetics #mitochondria
Amazing Discovery Reveals Why You Didn't Get Your Dad's Mitochondria
Virtually every animal on Earth can thank their mother for the energy that fuels each of their cells.
The power is generated in a part of the cell known as the mitochondria, and this organelle is made entirely from a genetic recipe laid out in your mother's DNA...
...The findings do not explain why, in rare circumstances, scientists have found mtDNA transmission in some humans that looks as though it came from both the father and the mother. But it might help experts better understand some fertility disorders, which can be passed down through eggs or sperm...
https://www.sciencealert.com/amazing-discovery-reveals-why-you-didnt-get-your-dads-mitochondria
A CRISPR-free DNA editing system has been invented. It is claimed it can do effective base editing in the nucleus, mitochondria, and chloroplast genomes of plant and human cells.
The alternative system is called CyDENT and it's based on a preceding technology TALE. "TALE" stands for "transcription-activator-like effector". Before explaining what CyDENT is about, it might first be worthwhile to explain a bit about TALE. TALE proteins, which were discovered in bacteria (Xanthomonas bacteria, if you care to know), have the special property that they can be reconfigured to match any DNA sequence. To make these proteins work as gene editors, they are fused to something called a deaminase. A deaminase, in turn, is a fancy word that means a protein that can convert one DNA base to another. For example there are deaminases that convert C to T.
The shortcoming of this system is that the deaminases are themselves double-stranded pairs of DNA. The bases that they edit likewise have to be double-stranded. The new CyDENT base editing system fuses TALES with a single-strand-specific cytidine deaminase that has been found called FokI nickase.
There are some additional components: an exonuclease and a uracil glycosylase inhibitor. Exonucleases pop nucleotides off the end of a DNA strand one at a time. They are called "exo" because there's such a thing as endonucleases, which operate in the middle of a DNA strand. There are different exonucleases depending on which end of the DNA strand you want to pop, and there are exonucleases for RNA, too.
I have no idea what the uracil glycosylase inhibitor is for. A uracil glycosylase inhibitor is a protein that inhibits uracil DNA glycosylase, which is an enzyme that removes uracil from DNA. It's considered a "repair" enzyme. RNA uses uracil while DNA uses thymine. So if there's any uracil in DNA, it shouldn't be there.
Ok, at this point we turn our attention back to the main actor, the FokI nickase. It's called a "nickase" because it "nicks" DNA strands. Great name, eh? In case you're wondering, no, the "Fokl" part of the name doesn't come from the great Dr. Fokl, it comes from the name of the bacteria where it was discovered, Flavobacterium okeanokoites.
So the idea is that the TALE proteins find the target strand of DNA, the Fokl nickase "nicks" the DNA strand, exposing the desired region, the exonuclease pops nucleotides off one strand, leaving a short single stranded DNA segment. The DNA deaminase steps in here and modifies the DNA in the single-stranded segment.
If you're wondering what the point of all this is, it allows editing of single-stranded DNA in the absense of a bunch of stuff CRISPR requires, in particular the Cas9-guided R-loop structure and double-stranded DNA deaminases mentioned in the article. The R-loop structure is a complex 3-dimensional structure that forms when the Cas9 protein that the CRISPR system relies on finds its DNA target. Believe it on not, this structure involves the RNA strand that is the "guide" for the CRISPR editing process to form a "hybrid" double helix with one of the DNA strands -- the the "R-loop" actually consists of an RNA-DNA helix and a single-stranded DNA loop that is intertwined with the RNA-DNA helix.
Apparently it is really crucial for the system to be RNA-free, as that is the key to enabling it to work in the nucleus and in "organellar genomes" such as mitochondria and plant chloroplasts.
This might be a good time to tell you what CyDENT stands for, now that you'll understand all the terms in it. It stands for "cytosine deamination by nicking and editing technology".
All English and Welsh localities that exceed the average (13.93%) non-White ("diverse") population share in England and Wales, by Percentage of Non-White ("diverse") population 2023.
#diversity #diversityandinclusion #usa #uk #diversityisourstrength #multiculturalism #multiracialism #ethnicity #ethnolinguistics #anthropology #genetics #genotypes #un #europe #ethniccleansing #whitegenocide #massimmigration #illegalimmigration #eu #statistics #officeofnationalstatistics #ons #data #ethnography #democraticmandate #wewereneverasked #indoeuropean #nato #tavistock #mi5 #mi6 #gchq #sovereignty #westerncivilization #replacementtheory
King of cloning
Ancient clonal tree, King's lomatia, excites scientists in Tasmania's remote south west
https://www.abc.net.au/news/2023-07-29/kings-lomatia-tasmanica-ancient-clonal-plant-worlds-oldest/102240860