Cover for my Clojure Data Science book https://yu7.in/6s3a2
#Clojure #Programming #DataScience #ArtificialIntelligence #MachineLearning #Statistics #Probability #Mathematics
#mathematics
"BioModels is a repository of mathematical models of biological and biomedical systems. It hosts a vast selection of existing literature-based physiologically and pharmaceutically relevant mechanistic models in standard formats. Our mission is to provide the systems modelling community with reproducible, high-quality, freely-accessible models published in the scientific literature."
Another fascinating thing I just discovered existed. So these are mathematical models, not neural network models, as we are used to hearing the word "model" used (at least if you follow my stuff). So they are things like population models, metabolic networks, petri nets, ordinary differential equation models, delayed differential equation models, stochastic differential equation models, partial differential equation models, differential algebraic equation models, boolean models, cellular Potts models, agent-based models, pharmacodynamics models, constraint-based models, steady-state models, rule-based models, protein-protein interaction networks, Markov chains, finite element spatial models, and physiologically based pharmacokinetic models.
All the models are supposed to be in a data format called Systems Biology Markup Language (SBML). In addition to SBML, some are in other formats like MATLAB/Octave, COMBINE archive (whatever that is), MorpheusML (whatever that is), CompuCell3DML (whatever that is), as well as programming languages Python, R, and Mathematica, and you can filter on these when you do searches. They also promise a human readable summary of each model in PDF format.
You can also filter by organism, such as Homo sapiens, Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Mus musculus, Escherichia coli, Drosophila melanogaster (fruit fly), and you can filter on larger categories like Mammalia, Vertebrata, Eukaryota, Chordata, etc.
You can also filter by disease, such as Alzheimer's, Covid-19, Diabetes Mellitus, Cancer, Parkinson's, Osteoarthritis, etc.
They have a filter for "GO", which means gene onotology. The Gene Ontology project aims to come up with the same or similar names for genes that have the same function across all species. Here the "GO" filter has such categories as cellular metabolic processes, cytoplasm, nucleus, translation (going from DNA to proteins), extracellular regions, cytosol, protein catabolic process, cell death, endoplasmic reticulum, mitochondrion, lysosomes, Golgi apparatus, peroxisome, cell growth, blood coagulation, protein phosphorylation, ATP hydrolysis, and so on (very long list actually -- hundreds of items).
You can filter on "UniProt", which is a "Universal Protein Database". Proteins have names like Pyruvate kinase PKLR, Cytoplasmic aconitate hydratase, Glucose-6-phosphate isomerase, Hydroxymethylglutaryl-CoA synthase, and Fructose-bisphosphate aldolase A. Well, those all have -ase names, indicating they are enzymes, but not all proteins are enzymes, of course, so the database has names like ATP-binding cassette sub-family A member 1 as well.
You can filter on "ChEBI", which stands for "Chemical Entities of Biological Interest". Here you can search for things like ADP, ATP, glycerol, phosphoenolpyruvate, acetaldehyde, aldehydo-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine, hydrogen peroxide, glycine, ethanol, NADH, etc.
The last thing they have that you can filter on is Ensembl. I actually told you all about Ensembl before, when 2.5 years ago I told you about the "mitochondria calcium channel mystery". Our mitochondria calcium channel is made of 3 proteins, but fungi have only 2 of them. With some clever research it was determined that the ancestor of both us and fungi had all 3 proteins, but fungi lost one of them. The researchers used 1,156 eukaryotic genomes to do this, but they didn't sequence those 1,156 eukaryotic genomes themselves -- they just download them from the Ensembl Project website. I thought it was amazing something so far in the distant evolutionary past was possible to determine, and all just by downloading data from this already existing database. The Ensembl Project was created in tandem with the Human Genome Project in the 90s. Lookups into this database go by actual gene name, which are those cryptic all-caps-and-numbers designations, such as NFKB2, NANOGP1, POU5F1, QSOX2, CASP8, etc.
I was explaining to my wife how the #velocity #components of an idealized #projectile differ. She was having some problems understanding that only the #vertical component changes and that the #horizontal component remains constant. In the end, I knocked up this little animation to tr and explain pictorially (the program in #WxMaxima is actually interactive. so you can stop it, step through it or run it backwards if that helps).
#Maths #Mathematics #Mechanics #ConstantAcceleration #Vectors #Dynamics #MyWork #CCBYSA #FreeSoftware
Mathematicians Complete Quest to Build ‘Spherical Cubes’
In the fourth century, the Greek mathematician Pappus of Alexandria praised bees for their “geometrical forethought.” The hexagonal structure of their honeycomb seemed like the optimal way to partition two-dimensional space into cells of equal area and minimal perimeter — allowing the insects to cut down on how much wax they needed to produce, and to spend less time and energy building their hive.
https://www.quantamagazine.org/mathematicians-complete-quest-to-build-spherical-cubes-20230210/
#mathematics, #computer, #science
Who else thinks that #BruteForce is easier? 🤔
#password #hack #mathematics #WiFi #satire #nerd #geek #humor
Mathematically undeniable evidence is not "antisemitic." It's legitimate to identify connections & form hypotheses based on available evidence.
Free speech exists to protect all speech. This includes unpopular, fringe &/or offensive speech.
Free speech is protected by English Common Law, the US Constitution & is a fundamental human right that will be upheld by any society that characterises itself as free.
There are no privileged group rights. Only the Monarch has supralegal rights.
#ukparliament #rishisunak #covid #mrna #jews #jewish #antisemitism #mathematics #facts #freespeech #conspiricytheory #anthropology #etymology #history #law #humanrights #crime
The continuity of splines. How do you make that road or roller coaster in a video game follow a nice, smooth curve? Cubic splines are almost always the way computers make curves. How do you make the smoothest, most "continuous" curve? This video goes into the mathematics of cubic splines, with both an overview of splines in general and examples of a number of specific types of cubic splines, all gorgeously animated by Freya Holmér.
We're not being told the truth of things. I've studied the subject for several years from multiple perspectives and sources and it's clear the anomaly has been obfuscated, lied about and free inquiry into it has been suppressed.
My reasoning is that if the anomalous and mathematically demonstrable over-representation in the upper echelons of the West's societal power hierarchies is an innocuous and benevolent phenomenon, then why are lies, obfuscation and suppression of free inquiry deployed?
Benevolence doesn't need to be concealed; malevolence benefits from operating in concealment.
#alexjones #nickfuentes #kanyewest #ye #yewest #jews #jewish #society #debate #anthropology #ethnography #sociology #psychology #freespeech #freeinquiry #economics #socioeconomics #mathematics #statistics #data #facts #truth #westerncivilisation #westerncivilization #thewest
https://www.bitchute.com/video/xEy4yXnw5OS6/
https://www.bitchute.com/video/3xc2v54g674C/
The full text of P.D. Magnus's book forall x: An Introduction to Formal Logic is available online for free. I've never studied formal logic, and glancing through the book, it looks like it's not a math book per se but is about how to apply mathematical logic to arguments made in English.
Yitang Zhang claims to have solved the The Landau-Siegel Zero Problem in number theory. This is a big deal in the mathematics community. I had a look at the proof but I don't understand any of it.
Mathematician who solved prime-number riddle claims new breakthrough
An #Exact #Formula for the #Primes: #Willans' Formula - YouTube
I didn't know this formula existed. It was published in 1964 but if you look at it carefully, it's not a formula as such, it's actually an #algorithm coded into some nifty #maths. It gets excruciatingly slow for even modest values on n, when n represents the nth prime. I've written it as a #maxima code below.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=j5s0h42GfvM
#WillansFormula #Mathematics #PrimeNumbers
prime(n):=1+sum(floor((n/sum(floor(cos(%pi*(factorial(j-1)+1)/j)^2),j,1,i))^(1/n)),i,1,2^n);
Analysis of UK 2007 to 2019 fertility #correlation between ethnic groups.
Something happens around 2012 that negatively influences all group's fertility, some more than others.
The fact that each ethnic group's fertility rate change is so very highly correlated despite significant differences in geographic distribution suggests to me an external, society-wide influence.
#uk #britain #ukpopulation #ethnicity #demographics #ukdemographics #socialengineering #ethnography #ukethnography #england #white #black #asian #indoeuropean #data #african #multiculturalism #chemical #endocrinedisruptors #analysis #usa #graphs #charts #mathematics #eu #statistics #stats #ukgovernment #britishgovernment #fertilityrates #multiracialism #demography #gb #ethnicgroups #populationdata
#UK population share by #ethnicity 2007 to 2069, using UK government fertility & #population data 2007 to 2019 & projected to 2069 using linear #growth modified by #population growth #trends derived from the 2007 to 2019 #data.
When did the #British people #vote for demographic change? When was the #referendum? Which party ran on a platform of demographic change & was subsequently #elected to office?
#britain #ukpopulation #info #demographics #ukdemographics #ukethniccomposition #ethnography #ukethnography #england #white #black #asian #indoeuropean #african #multiculturalism #birthrates #demographicchange #analysis #graphs #charts #mathematics #statistics #stats #ukgovernment #britishgovernment #immigration #multiracialism #demography #ethnicgroups #populationdata
Does P = NP? A proof has come out saying yes.
The P = NP question is a longstanding question in computer science. The informal intuition is, if a proposed solution to a problem can be quickly checked to see if it is correct or incorrect, can solutions be generated just as quickly?
More formally, "quickly" means polynomial time while "not quickly" means exponential time or anything larger (such as factorial time) ("polynomial time" in turn meaning the time it takes is proportional to a polynomial of the size of the input data), and "NP" meaning "nondeterministic polynomial time" means solutions can be verified quickly. P = NP means a proposed solution that can be checked in polynomial time can be generated in polynomial time. P != NP means it can't.
Most computer scientists believe P != NP. In fact the entire field of cryptography is more or less built on this assumption.
I looked at the "proof" (using quote marks for now since it has not been verified or falsified by other mathematicians as far as I know yet). It is 10 pages and starts with the familiar Turing machine but quickly goes over my head.
My friend Jakob in Russia sent me a very interesting #article... had to have it translated from #French to English...
« Il faut manipuler 2 émotions pour obtenir une soumission psychique »
– Ariane Bilheran, Vincent Pavan
“ I had identified that we were dealing with what is somewhat vulgarly called a mass psychosis, that is to say a delusion, a belief totally unrelated to the reality of the experience. We had to go back to the first principles of this paranoid delirium, to understand what it is based on , ”explains Ariane Bilheran.
#media #manipulation #psychopathology #philosophy #mathematics #psychosis #language #covid
UK Population by Ethnic Group from 2007 to 2019 based on official British government data.
#uk #britain #ukpopulation #ethnicity #demographics #ukdemographics #ukethniccomposition #ethnography #ukethnography #england #white #black #asian #indoeuropean #data #african #multiculturalism #birthrates #demographicchange #analysis #usa #graphs #charts #mathematics #eu #statistics #stats #ukgovernment #britishgovernment #immigration #multiracialism #demography #gb #ethnicgroups #populationdata