#infrastructure

ramil_rodaje@diasp.org

A Study Of Nearly 700 Studies Makes It Clear: Environmental Injustice Is Rampant Around The World

https://ensia.com/notable/environmental-injustice-global-indigenous-pollution/

The history of disproportionate environmental impacts on Black, Indigenous, and people of color often goes back for centuries. A recent review of 141 Indigenous groups by University of Helsinki conservation researcher Álvaro Fernández-Llamazares and colleagues published in the journal Integrated Environmental Assessment and Management shows how colonialism directly led to the development of environment-polluting infrastructure built without the consent of — and differentially affecting — communities in their territories.

#environment #injustice #colonialism #infrastructure #pollution #ensia

anonymiss@despora.de

The Hacking of #Starlink Terminals Has Begun

source: https://www.wired.com/story/starlink-internet-dish-hack/

Today, Lennert Wouters, a #security researcher at the Belgian university KU Leuven, will reveal one of the first security breakdowns of Starlink’s user terminals, the satellite dishes (dubbed Dishy McFlatface) that are positioned on people’s homes and buildings. At the #BlackHat security conference in Las Vegas, Wouters will detail how a series of #hardware vulnerabilities allow attackers to access the Starlink system and run custom code on the devices.

#internet #news #hack #hacker #vulnerability #software #infrastructure

olladij@diaspora.permutationsofchaos.com

Let’s review the basic points: China is a capitalist country. This is evident in the fact that everyone needs #money to survive and therefore has to depend on “the #economy.” Most of the population is proletarian, which means that they don’t have any control over #production and therefore must work for wages to survive. Only the minority of the population who are extremely rich, called the capitalist class, can instead survive off the profit from their investments, which demonstrates their ownership of production. While this dictatorial ownership is the core feature of capitalist rule, nation-states emerge as the political expression of this social power. The state serves as a necessary means for capitalists to coordinate and compete with one another, but it also helps to maintain the baseline conditions for capitalist society to exist in the first place. This includes #repression ( #police, #prisons, the #military, etc.), the maintenance of a legal system founded on #property rights, and the mobilization of public investment (in #infrastructure, #healthcare, #education, etc.), all involving the creation of a myth of shared “national interests” rooted in “national culture.”
In #China, the capitalist class rules directly through the party-state. Capitalists hold all the leading positions within the communist party and the #government. Similarly, most large capitalists who hold no bureaucratic position are, at minimum, party members. This allows them to be “inside the system,” where they have preferential access to resources (through credit), greater protection from competition with capitalists in other countries (through tariffs and subsidies) and a seat at the table for all the major decisions (through the party infrastructure). Those left “outside the system” are mostly smaller capitalists who have not yet joined the party, rebel capitalists who refuse to submit to the others and/or capitalists more aligned with foreign interests. In reality, the party infrastructure is messy and often violent, since capitalists have competing interests. But even if it were perfectly coordinated and coordinated, enrolling all Chinese capitalists as members, this would still only represent one fraction of the global capitalist class in competition with others.

https://chuangcn.org/2022/03/china-faq-capitalist/ #capitalism #state #ccp #communism #nationalism #japan #southkorea #usa #eu #labour

psych@diasp.org

Meanwhile, on a lighter note....
Being facetious.
Truly, a VERY IMPORTANT STORY!!

"Here we go. New unnamed state 🤔 hackers are infecting U.S. critical infrastructure"

Reports to/from CISA agency... with urgent request that full report be read by CEO's, etc. Not only Ukraine and U.S.....

#cybersecurity #Russia #hacking #infrastructure #CISA #cyberwar

anonymiss@despora.de

What kind of financial #resources are being wasted in the #Ukraine war?

I do not mean to imply that Ukraine has no right to self-defense, but only to point out how expensive #war is and that this #money will later be lacking in #education, #health, #infrastructure and #climate protection.

To defend against Russian tanks, Ukraine mainly uses the #Javelin (FGM-148) anti-tank #missile.

There are now online courses in the operation of this #weapon: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=At6RLV8xc0g

Hundreds of Russian tanks are said to have been destroyed with #Javelins: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ce7IwsfuH1c

How much does a single Javelin missile cost?

US approves Ukraine’s purchase of 150 Javelin anti-tank missiles
Notification follows the approval of $47 million worth of Javelin missiles and launch units in March 2018

Source: https://www.thedefensepost.com/2019/10/03/us-approves-ukraine-javelin-anti-tank-missile-sale/

47.000.000 / 150 = 313.333,33 <- for a single Javelin missile in dollar.

This money would be enough for a luxury carefree life of a whole family in Ukraine. Unfortunately, such sums are always released by the military industrial complex only for war and never for social purposes.


#weapons #arms #news #finance #defence #conflict #problem #capitalism #politics #military #antiTank

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

World's longest suspension bridge opens in Turkey

image

Underside of 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in Turkey

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge has reached completion in Turkey with a span of 2,023 metres, becoming the longest suspension bridge in the world.

Open to traffic over the Dardanelles waterway, the massive structure was created by consulting group COWI for contractor DLSY to connect Turkey's European and Asian shores.

Underside of 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in TurkeyThe world's longest suspension bridge has opened in Turkey

The bridge, named after the year of an important Ottoman naval victory against the British and the French during world war one, takes the title of the world's longest suspension bridge from the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Japan, which has a 1,992-metre-long span.

The distinctive 318-metre-high red towers from which the 1915 Çanakkale Bridge's concrete deck is suspended are also the tallest of any suspension bridge in the world, according to COWI.

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge in TurkeyIt features two distinctive red towers

The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge is located south of the Sea of Marmara. It is expected to carry up to 45,000 vehicles across its six lanes each day and support both tourism and commercial activity in the region.

While the main design work was carried out by COWI, the team also included construction companies Daelim, Limak, SK and Yapi Merkezi.

According to COWI, the position of the bridge posed many design challenges, including high winds and high seismic activity. It achieves its aerodynamic stability partly through a twin-box girder.

The clearance between the water and the deck was engineered to accommodate high-stacked container ships and cruise ships that need to pass under it.

[ Guide to bridges

Read:

The Dezeen guide to bridge design and architecture

](https://www.dezeen.com/2022/02/14/dezeen-guide-bridges-architecture/)

"The 1915 Çanakkale Bridge has been a fantastic project to work with," concluded COWI's project director Inger Birgitte Kroon.

"Not just for all the technical challenges that we as engineers love but also for the strong collaboration with DLSY, the owner and other involved parties," he continued. "Only with a collaborative mindset from all parties has it been possible to design and construct a world record suspension bridge in less than five years.”

Suspension bridges are one of the seven main types of bridges that feature in the Dezeen guide to bridge design and architecture. The structures feature a deck suspended from vertical ties or suspension cables, attached to tensile cables slung between towers.

Other recent suspension bridges featured on Dezeen include the world's longest glass bridge in China and a 516-metre-long pedestrian suspension bridge in Portugal.

The post World's longest suspension bridge opens in Turkey appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #infrastructure #bridges #turkey #suspensionbridges

anonymiss@despora.de

A glimpse into the future of #humanity. In the end, we will only be left with a completely ruined #infrastructure. But we are complaining at a high level here. A large part of humanity is already on the run and fighting for bare #survival. It is damn cynical that some still distinguish between #war, economic and #climate #refugees.

#Mankind has failed after #WorldWar II to create a peaceful #world where #prosperity is fairly distributed. Even now that the problems of this #failure are obvious, the only reaction is more armament #budget. I already know that more #weapons will not solve our #crisis.

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

Grimshaw's latest design for London Euston HS2 station revealed

image

London Euston HS2 station by Grimshaw

Architecture firm Grimshaw has designed a "bold geometric roof" in its latest plans to bring HS2 high-speed railway to London's Euston station.

Grimshaw is partnering with engineering firms Arup and WSP on the overhaul of Euston, which will transform the railway station into a major high-speed railway terminus.

Set over three levels, the expanded station will feature the largest station concourse in the UK and will be served by up to 17 high-speed trains per hour.

The designs have significantly changed from visuals released in 2018. The new addition of a folded, angular roof is intended to give the station a distinct identity while also allowing natural light to flood the interior.

Roof components will be prefabricated off-site and installed using modular construction technologies, to help reduce carbon emissions, lower costs and minimise disruption to the existing railway service.

London Euston HS2 station by GrimshawGrimshaw's latest design features a "bold geometric roof"

The HS2 train platforms will be set below ground level, freeing up the station hall to become a 300-metre-long public concourse that links with public plazas and gardens to both the north and the south.

Retail spaces will be provided on both the ground and first floors.

"The scale of the new HS2 London Euston station means we have the opportunity to create a new truly public civic space for London, a place that responds to transport and passenger needs and becomes part of the existing urban fabric and community," said Declan McCafferty, partner at Grimshaw.

"The 300-metre long station hall sits at the heart of this approach, creating a space that is permeable, accessible and open and connects to the local streets and neighbourhoods through green, pedestrian-oriented spaces."

Major gateway to north and midlands

The works will position Euston as a major gateway to destinations in the midlands and the north.

The HS2 station will feature 10 subsurface platforms, while the existing Network Rail station will remain in operation.

[

Read:

Grimshaw and WilkinsonEyre appointed to design HS2 stations

](https://www.dezeen.com/2018/02/05/grimshaw-architects-wilkinson-eyre-arup-wsp-hs2-stations-birmingham-london-uk-news/)

There will also be a new London Underground ticket hall connecting both Euston and Euston Square Tube stations, providing links to the Northern, Victoria, Circle, Hammersmith and City and Metropolitan Lines.

Entrances will be located on the north, south and west sides of the station, and will be linked to new cycle routes and 2,000 cycle parking spaces.

Euston Square Gardens will be upgraded and a new public green space will be created to the north. Housing provision is also included within the plans.

Opportunity for "a new piece of the city"

"HS2's London Euston station is one of the most complex parts of the HS2 route, situated in a densely populated residential area and adjacent to a busy operational railway," said Laurence Whitbourn, Euston area client director at HS2.

"HS2 Ltd is absolutely committed to getting Euston right, engaging with the local community and stakeholders as we continue to progress our designs," he continued.

"With the arrival of HS2, Euston is fast becoming one of the largest transport-led regeneration projects of the 21st century. Across a site of over 60 acres we have the unique opportunity to work with stakeholders and partners to create a new piece of the city creating thousands of jobs, new homes and areas of green public space."

Building work will be carried out by MDJV, a partnership between contractors Mace and Dragados.

The station will be built in a single phase to reduce the length of the construction period. The target is to achieve a BREEAM outstanding sustainability rating.

Public consultation begins

The project will go through an 18-month period of public consultation before it progresses.

"The arrival of HS2 at Euston provides a once in a lifetime opportunity to create an iconic destination in the area, that will help us build back better by growing not just the economy of London but that of the UK," said Andrew Stephenson, the government's HS2 minister.

[ Chalfont St Giles HS@ ventilation shaft disguised as a barn

Read:

Grimshaw unveils latest HS2 ventilation shaft disguised as barn

](https://www.dezeen.com/2021/02/08/hs2-ventilation-shaft-chalfont-st-giles-chilterns-grimshaw/)

"This station will not only benefit the local community by enabling the comprehensive redevelopment of the area but will serve as a transport super hub acting as a gateway to the midlands and the north – enabling us to deliver better railways across the nation sooner than under previous plans," he said.

Once complete, HS2 will provide high-speed connections between the UK's four biggest cities, London, Birmingham, Manchester and Leeds. It will also connect the towns of Crewe and Wigan.

Other structures being created for the network include the Water Orton viaducts, designed by Weston Williamson + Partners to sit above a "community-led orchard", and a ventilation shaft disguised as a barn, designed by Grimshaw.

The post Grimshaw's latest design for London Euston HS2 station revealed appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #news #infrastructure #london #grimshawarchitects #uk #england #highspeedtwohs2

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

LUO Studio completes intricate wooden bridge in Chinese water village

image

Timber Bridge in Gulou Waterfront by LUO Studio

Hundreds of wooden elements are bolted together to form Timber Bridge in Gulou Waterfront, the latest project by Chinese architecture office LUO Studio.

The 25-metre-long bridge is located in Gulou, a water village in Jiangmen, China. This unusual manmade landscape, formed of a network of waterways and ponds, once provided an infrastructure for fishing and farming.

Close-up of Timber Bridge in Gulou WaterfrontThe bridge is arched to allow room for boats to pass underneath

With the area now being rebranded as an eco-tourism resort, Gulou Waterfront, LUO Studio was tasked with creating a new pedestrian bridge in the heart of it.

The Beijing-based studio chose to predominantly use wood, paying tribute to the traditional construction techniques employed in rural villages of southern China where the material is in plentiful supply.

Gulou bridge with 25-metre spanIts structure is made from simple wooden lengths

It was essential for the bridge to allow enough room for boats to pass underneath. This led to the design of an arch shape, with four metres clearance between the underside of the bridge and the typical water level.

"During the fishing civilisation period, roads were poorly developed, so water systems became the key route for transportation and logistics," said the studio, which is led by architect Luo Yujie.

"Since bridges need to be walkable while also ensuring more space for boats underneath to pass through, traditional bridge construction techniques in China adopted arches to create space for the passage of boats under bridges, and enhance the effectiveness of the structure."

Boat passing under timber bridge in GulouMetal panels provide integrated rainwater drainage

Despite the shape of the bridge, very few of its components are curved. Apart from the three arched beams that form the underside, the structure is almost entirely made from small, regular lengths of pine.

"Small wooden components are interlocked and anchored to the three main arched beams, functioning as sub-beams on upper and lower levels," said LUO Studio.

"In addition, the two ends of these sub-beams are combined with upward components to form a stable triangle of forces."

Night view of Timber Bridge in Gulou Waterfront by LUO StudioThe bridge span is 25 metres

Metal plates are slotted into the wooden framework, which create shelter and provide natural rainwater drainage.

The result is a structure with an intricate structure. Not only does it provide a walkway across the water, but also provides shelter to those crossing.

Entrance to timber bridge in GulouWide staircases create an inviting route for pedestrians

On both sides, the wooden bridge's entrance is a wide staircase with open treads. A smaller staircase is set into the centre of each one, leading up to viewing platforms slotted within the bridge's structure.

"This project inherits the construction wisdom of ancient covered bridges," said LUO Studio.

[ World's longest glass-bottomed bridge in Huangchuan Three Gorges Scenic Area in southern China

Read:

World's longest glass-bottomed bridge opens in China

](https://www.dezeen.com/2020/09/04/worlds-longest-glass-bottomed-bridge-china-huangchuan/)

"The covered corridor enhances the overall structural stability and protects the arched wooden structure beneath from exposure to sun and rain."

Steel-strengthened bolts give the structure an additional layer of strength.

Interior of timber bridge by LUO StudioViewing platforms are slotted into the structure at both ends

Timber Bridge in Gulou Waterfront is the latest in a series of innovative projects designed by Luo Yujie, a rising star of the Chinese architecture scene.

His studio won a Dezeen Award for Party and Public Service Center, a community centre built over existing foundations in Yuanheguan, while other projects include the geodesic canopy, Luotuowan Pergola.

With this project, he hopes to inject new interest into an area whose fishing heritage is gradually disappearing.

Aerial view of Gulou in ChinaThe area is being rebranded as an eco-tourism resort

It is one of several new bridges that are planned as part of the Gulou Waterfront development, with the aim of making the area accessible for pedestrians without causing disruption to fishing boats.

"While passing through the platforms from two ends to reach the centre of the bridge corridor, visitors can fully experience the light and shadows from the top, feeling calmness and openness in the mind," added the studio.

The photography is by Jin Weiqi and the video is by Jin Weiqi and Xiao Shiming.


Project credits

Client: Jiangmen OCT

Design studio: LUO studio

Design/construction instruction: Luo Yujie, Lu Zhuojian, Wang Beilei

Structural consulting: LaLu Structural Consulting

Construction firm: Shenzhen Zhenhui Architectural Engineering

Wood material suppliers: Shengtehaosen, Kingspine-House

Lighting fixture supplier: Meteor Shower

The post LUO Studio completes intricate wooden bridge in Chinese water village appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #infrastructure #instagram #chinesearchitecture #china #wood #bridges #woodenarchitecture #luostudio

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

Elon Musk's plan for a Tesla tunnel in Miami features in today's Dezeen Debate newsletter

image

Elon Musk

The latest edition of Dezeen Debate features Elon Musk's plan to construct the North Miami Beach Loop tunnel in Miami.

Musk's infrastructure firm The Boring Company has submitted plans to build a tunnel that would shuttle people in a dedicated fleet of Tesla cars from the north of Miami to the beach.

Measuring six miles long the tunnel would connect the commuter railway station at Golden Glades with Sunny Isles Beach on the city's eastern coast.

Commenters aren't keen. One called it, "possibly the most useless idea ever".

The patio and swimming pond of the Refuge with curved roof overheadNWLND Rogiers Vandeputte has built a red concrete pool house

Other stories in this week's newsletter include a pool house built from red concrete in Belgium, Kim Kardashian's Tadao Ando and Kengo Kuma-design holiday homes and our lookbook showcasing 10 home interiors with distinctive terrazzo floors.

Dezeen Debate

Dezeen Debate is a curated newsletter sent every Thursday containing highlights from Dezeen. [_Read the latest edition of Dezeen Debate](https://newsletter.dezeen.com/t/r-AF82174A33BAECB72540EF23F30FEDED) _.

You can alsosubscribe to Dezeen Agenda, which is sent every Tuesday and contains a selection of the most important news highlights from the week, as well as [_Dezeen Daily](https://www.dezeen.com/dezeendaily/) _, our daily bulletin that contains every story published in the preceding 24 hours and Dezeen.

The post Elon Musk's plan for a Tesla tunnel in Miami features in today's Dezeen Debate newsletter appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #transport #miami #usa #infrastructure #dezeendebate #tunnels #theboringcompany

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

Elon Musk proposes Tesla tunnel in Miami to "solve traffic and be an example to the world"

image

Entrance to The Boring Company's LVCC Loop system with white Teslas in front, used to illustrate a story about the North Miami Beach Loop

Elon Musk's infrastructure firm The Boring Company has submitted plans to construct the North Miami Beach Loop tunnel in Miami, which would shuttle people in a dedicated fleet of Tesla cars from the north of the city to the beach.

The six-mile-long tunnel would connect the commuter railway station at Golden Glades with Sunny Isles Beach on the city's eastern coast, according to a proposal seen by Business Insider.

"Cars and trucks stuck in traffic generate megatons of toxic gases and particulate," Musk tweeted. "Road tunnels under Miami would solve traffic and be an example to the world."

Portrait of Elon MuskElon Musk (above) is planning a tunnel in Miami

If approved, the tunnel system will have seven stations and could transport around 7,500 passengers an hour.

Rather than opening up the underground routes to all types of cars and their drivers, the tunnels would be serviced exclusively by electric vehicles from Musk's car brand Tesla.

Pedestrians would catch a ride in one of these vehicles, which unlike trains and buses would carry them directly to their destination without taking multiple stops in between.

This system is eventually meant to function autonomously with the help of self-driving cars travelling at up to 150 miles per hour, compared to the usual maximum of 65 miles per hour reached by underground trains.

Chicago Express Loop by Elon MuskEventually, the underground network could be serviced by driverless Tesla vehicles

But until the relevant technology is developed and approved, the cars would need to be manned by human drivers much like in The Boring Company's three-stop transit tunnel system underneath the Las Vegas Convention Centre (LVCC), which opened in April 2021.

Musk argues that Loop systems like this could offer a more efficient alternative to traditional public transport, which he described as "a pain in the ass".

But his concept, jokingly known as "Teslas in Tunnels" has been criticised for effectively reinventing buses while carrying far fewer people.

Miami officials looking for public funding to finance tunnel

The North Miami Beach Loop would have an initial carrying capacity of 7,500 passengers an hour that could ultimately be scaled up to 15,000 people, according to The Boring Company's proposal.

Its original 6.2-miles route could also be extended to the northwest to connect to the Hard Rock Stadium, which is home to the Miami Dolphins football team, as well as to the southeast to service Florida International University's waterfront Biscayne Bay Campus.

North Miami Beach is currently looking at securing public funding to finance its transit tunnel system, the city's commissioner Michael Joseph told Business Insider.

[ Boring Company tunnel

Read:

Elon Musk submits bid to build beach tunnel transport system in Florida

](https://www.dezeen.com/2021/07/08/elon-musk-boring-company-las-ollas-loop/)

With an expedited permitting process, The Boring Company estimates the system could be constructed in less than three years for between $185 million and $220 million.

This compares to subway extensions in New York and Los Angeles, which are set to cost $6.9 billion and $8.5 billion respectively.

The firm says it's able to construct "mega-infrastructure projects in a matter of weeks instead of years" and at a much lower price due to its Prufrock boring machines, which dig tunnels and reinforce them simultaneously. But a number of civil and tunnel engineering experts have raised doubts about the validity of these claims.

Expanding and moving forward with plans for the "Vegas Loop." #ClarkCounty Commissioners just approved an agreement with the @boringcompany to establish and maintain a transportation system that will go under the Las Vegas Strip. It will also go to @AllegiantStadm and @UNLV. pic.twitter.com/2ju3xcFq7O

— Clark County Nevada (@ClarkCountyNV) October 20, 2021

The Boring Company has also put forward plans for similar tunnel systems in San Antonio, Texas, and Fort Lauderdale, Florida, with the latter already approved by city officials.

But most of the firm's previous proposals, including a tunnel connecting New York to Washington DC as well as underground transport networks in Chicago and Los Angeles, were ultimately dropped due to regulatory hurdles.

One major exception is the Vegas Loop – a privately-funded extension of The Boring Company's existing tunnel system under the LVCC that is currently under construction.

Once completed, it will have 51 stations across the city and be able to transport 57,000 passengers per hour.

The main photo is by Duncan Hull.

The post Elon Musk proposes Tesla tunnel in Miami to "solve traffic and be an example to the world" appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #news #infrastructure #transport #miami #usa #tunnels #elonmusk #theboringcompany

tpq1980@iviv.hu

Do citizens of #European Union countries know their supranationale #government is #funding private companies in #Jordan to develop "#green" and "#renewable" #energy #infrastructure whilst the average youth #unemployment rate across all #EU nations is 15%, and even higher in some EU nations?

Look up "Catalyst MENA Clean Energy Fund" and see what EU citizen's #taxes are being used for. Did EU citizens #vote for this? Do EU nations not have problems of their own that require funding to solve? On whose #authority is this #wealth transfer taking place?

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

Paris set to build four-kilometre-long urban cable car

image

Y-shaped pylons will support the cable car system

Construction is set to begin on Paris' first urban cable car, a 4.5-kilometre-line that will connect several suburbs in the southeast of the city to the Metro system.

Named Câble 1, the system will link the suburb of Villeneuve-Saint-Georges with the Créteil Pointe du Lac station on Paris' Metro line 8.

Construction will begin later this year, reported French newspaper Le Parisien, with the system scheduled to open in 2025.

Render of an aerial image of a Cable 1 station Câble 1 will connect the south eastern suburbs of Paris with a terminus of its metro line

The project is led by cable car and ski lift manufacturer Doppelmayr France and French transport company Île-de-France Mobilités.

When complete the line will be 4.5-kilometres-long and have five stations in Créteil, Limeil-Brévannes, Valenton and Villeneuve-Saint-Georges.

In total, 33 Y- and V-shaped pylons will be built along the route to support the overhead cable car line. Each cabin will seat ten passengers, with the system expected to transport roughly 1,600 people per hour at its busiest times.

Render of a platform at a Cable 1 stationCâble 1 will have five stations

"Public transport in Île-de-France, the Île-de-France regions and the Department of Val-de-Marne decided in 2016 to add a new innovative tool for public transport solutions which offered Île-de-France residents on their network the first urban cable car transport line in the region," said the general director of IDF Mobilités Laurent Probst.

"The great proposal of the group led by Doppelmayr France will allow, in just over four years, more than 11,000 people per day to save a lot of time, a lot of comfort and perhaps, to dream a little in the mountains."

[ Blagoveshchensk Cable Car – world’s first international cable car between Russia and China

Read:

UNStudio set to connect Russia and China with world's first international cable car

](https://www.dezeen.com/2019/07/29/worlds-first-international-cable-car-blagoveshchensk-russia-heihe-china-unstudio/)

The cable car system was chosen due to the hilly terrain in the suburbs, which has limited the creation of metro and trains lines.

The stations will serve a number of different communities and each will have its own unique design elements.

At the Pointe du Lac terminal in Créteil, a footbridge will connect the station with a nearby mall while the Bois Matar terminal in Villeneuve-Saint-Georges will be designed around preserving the views of the surrounding agricultural land.

Passengers entering a cable car cabinIt will transport 11,000 people per day

Those stations located on the ground level will include gradual slopes that will provide passengers with step-free access and avoid the need to install lifts and escalators

Steps, elevators and escalators will be installed at stations located above ground to connect with the elevated platforms.

Many cities around the world have introduced urban cable cars as an alternative to ground level, or underground transport networks. The Colombian city of Medellín's 15 kilometre network being cited as one of the most sucessful. In 2012, a cable car line crossing the Thames river designed by Wilkinson Eyre opened in London.

Recently UNStudio announced plans for a 1.5-kilometre cable car that would span across the river IJ in Amsterdam and unveiled the world's first international cable car that will connect Russia and China.

The post Paris set to build four-kilometre-long urban cable car appeared first on Dezeen.

#all #architecture #news #infrastructure #france #paris #cablecars

dezeen@xn--y9azesw6bu.xn--y9a3aq

SOM designs Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse informed by classical architecture

image

The building will have a fluted glass and metal exterior

Architecture practice Skidmore, Owings & Merrill (SOM) has received approval for a new 10-storey federal courthouse with a fluted metal and glass exterior in Fort Lauderdale, Florida.

Recently approved by the US General Services Administration, the new Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse will encompass 252,000 square feet (23,411 square metres) across 10 storeys and will be built to replace an existing nearby courthouse that was constructed in 1979.

Set to be constructed on the southern bank of the Tarpon River in the centre of Fort Lauderdale, the building will include 12 courtrooms, 17 judges chambers, and green spaces for residents of the city.

Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse has a symmetrical rectangular formThe new Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse will replace a nearby existing courthouse in the Florida city

SOM explained that the building was informed by the principles of classical architecture. Renders show a vertically emphasised, rectangular tower that rises from a podium.

"The courthouse's exterior will consist of fluted panels of metal and glass that are a contemporary interpretation of Corinthian columns and modulate the bright tropical sunlight," said the firm.

[

Read:

SOM designs UAE diplomacy building with Middle Eastern motifs in Manhattan

](https://www.dezeen.com/2021/10/15/som-uae-diplomatic-mission-building-united-nations-manhattan/)

Landscaping around the podium will provide a collection of green spaces, as well as access to a new riverfront trail that preserves the site's mangroves.

"We wanted to create a building that opens outward to the city," said SOM principal Joseph Ruocco.

"To that end, we composed the courthouse as a symmetrical tower rising above a one-story podium, which lends the building an approachable feel and enables us to add new green spaces throughout the site."

The building is surrounded by a public podiumLandscaping around the building will provide the city with green spaces

The interior of the courthouse will be finished with a number of natural materials such as oak and local coral stone, aiming to bring warmth and comfort to the federal building.

Courtrooms will be located on the upper floors and will incorporate light diffusion systems that bring in natural light, while also protecting privacy.

"The Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse embodies the ideals of dignity, transparency, and clarity," said SOM partner Paul Danna.

"Our design emerged from a deep study of the needs of all participants in justice proceedings, as well as a desire to create a building that symbolizes Fort Lauderdale's culture and becomes an integral part of the city's urban fabric."

[ National Museum of the United States Army by SOM

Read:

SOM's National Museum of the United States Army opens in Virginia

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On its roof, a system of photovoltaic solar panels will provide the building with energy which will contribute to the courthouse's LEED Gold targets and SITES Silver certification.

The Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse is set to be completed in 2026.

SOM, which was founded in 1939, previously completed a courthouse in Downtown Los Angeles clad in pleats of glass.

Recent projects by the firm include a headquarters that was designed for Shenzhen's Rural Commercial Bank and a UAE diplomacy building in Manhattan that features Middle Easter motifs.

The post SOM designs Fort Lauderdale Federal Courthouse informed by classical architecture appeared first on Dezeen.

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The Dezeen guide to bridge design and architecture

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Guide to bridges

Our latest Dezeen guide explains the seven key types of bridges including beam bridges, tied-arch bridges, cable-stayed bridges and cantilevered bridges.

Bridges are structures that are built to cross or span physical obstacles without blocking or obstructing movement below. These structures often provide a way above an obstacle that might otherwise be difficult to cross.

There are seven main types of bridges, with each suited to particular circumstances. Read on to learn about the different types of bridges:


Beam bridges

Beam bridges are the simplest type of bridge and feature a horizontal beam supported by abutments or piers.

For single-span beam bridges, which include footbridges constructed from wood or stone across small rivers, weight and load are transferred through the endpoints of the bridge.

Longer bridges are created by placing single spans next to each other, with modern beam bridges usually built from a combination of steel and reinforced concrete.

In 2018, Italian architect Renzo Piano designed a €202 million beam bridge for his hometown of Genoa (pictured), after the previous bridge collapsed in a storm.

Brearley Architects + Urbanists recently completed a beam bridge in China that incorporates spaces for play and resting.

See beam bridges ›


Two robotic fabrication methods entwine to make Tongji University bridge

Arch bridges

As the name suggests, arch bridges feature a loadbearing arched structure. Traditionally these were made from masonry, but they can also be made from concrete, iron, timber and steel.

These bridges work by using the arched form to transfer weight to abutments on either side of the structure. Longer bridges can be created by repeating a short arch, as was the case for Roman aqueducts.

Today, arch bridges are often used for short pedestrian crossings such as Santiago Calatrava's glass-stepped Ponte della Constituzione in Venice while university students in Shanghai used robotic fabrication techniques to 3D-print a metal arch bridge (pictured).

See arch bridges ›


Chiswick Park Footbridge by Useful Studio in Chiswick, west London

Tied-arch bridges

Tied-arch bridges are bridges that have arched structures that usually rise above the bridge's deck to support it from above via ties or hangers.

Typically each span will either have a single arch with decks slung on each side or a double arch located on either side of the deck.

Richard Meier's Citadella Bridge in Italy is an example with a single arch in the centre of the bridge while Useful Studio used weathering steel to build Chiswick Park Footbridge (above), which features double arches with a deck in between.

See tied-arch bridges ›


Esperance Bridge by Moxon Architects and Arup

Truss bridges

Truss bridges feature a load-bearing superstructure made from steel elements interconnected in triangular arrangements to act as a single structural member.

British architecture studio Moxon Architects collaborated with engineering firm Arup to build a red footbridge with a lower truss system (pictured) across Regent's Canal in King's Cross, London.

ARCVS recently proposed a two-deck truss bridge for Novi Sad in Serbia that features offices and a hotel as well as a pedestrian crossing.

See truss bridges ›


Suspension bridges

Suspension bridges feature a deck that is suspended from vertical ties or suspension cables attached to tensile cables slung between towers.

Some of the world's most famous bridges use this structural arrangement including the Golden Gate Bridge in San Francisco, Clifton Suspension Bridge in Bristol and the Brooklyn Bridge in New York.

Completed in 1998, the Akashi Kaikyo Bridge in Kobe has a main span of 1,991 metres, which is the longest in the world.

Recent suspension bridges featured on Dezeen include the world's longest glass bridge in China and a 516-metre-long pedestrian suspension bridge in Portugal that claims to be the longest in the world (above).

See suspension bridges ›


Tintagel Castle Footbridge for English Heritage by Ney &amp; Partners and William Matthews Associates

Cantilever bridges

A cantilever is a structure that projects horizontally and is supported at only one end. Cantilever bridges are formed by arms that extend outwards to meet at the centre or outwards from either side of a central tower.

The Forth Bridge in Scotland is a well-known example of a cantilever bridge.

In Cornwall, England, architecture studio William Matthews Associates along with engineers Ney & Partners built the Tintagel Castle Bridge (pictured), a cantilevered bridge comprised of two 30-metre spans that do not touch at the middle.

See cantilever bridges ›


Foster + Partners-designed Millau Viaduct

Cable-stayed bridges

A cable-stayed bridge has one or multiple towers or pylons from which cables extend to support a bridge deck. The cables on these bridges often have a fan-like design or pattern caused by the cables forming parallel and regular lines as they extend to the deck.

This type of bridge contrasts to suspension bridges as the cables span directly from the towers or pylons as opposed to being suspended vertically from a cable.

The Foster + Partners-designed Millau Viaduct (pictured) in France and the eight-kilometre-long Øresund Bridge that connects Danish capital Copenhagen with Swedish city Malmö are well-known examples of cable-stayed bridges.

See cable-stayed bridges ›

This is the latest in our series of Dezeen guides. See previous guides toplastic, biomaterials, carbon and timber.

The post The Dezeen guide to bridge design and architecture appeared first on Dezeen.

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