#nakba

mikhailmuzakmen@pod.geraspora.de

#politik #wirtschaft #krieg #zerstörung #nakba #palÀstina

»So etwas haben wir in der ganzen Geschichte des StÀdtewesens noch nicht gesehen. In Gaza sind nicht nur physische Infrastrukturen zerstört, sondern die grundlegenden Institutionen einer Gesellschaft.«

Die Ökonomie – ausradiert

...Katastrophal ist hingegen die Lage in den palĂ€stinensischen Gebieten. Das zeigt ein Bericht der Weltbank vom September 2024, der sich auf Daten der palĂ€stinensischen Statistikbehörde bezieht. Laut diesen Daten schrumpft die Wirtschaftsleistung nicht nur – tatsĂ€chlich kann von »Wirtschaft« in PalĂ€stina nicht mehr die Rede sein.
Im ersten Quartal 2024 lag das BIP der gesamten palĂ€stinensischen Gebiete – Gaza und Westjordanland – ein Drittel unter dem Stand ein Jahr zuvor. Im Westjordanland brach die Wirtschaftsleistung um ein Viertel ein, vor allem wegen der anhaltenden KĂ€mpfe mit israelischen Siedlern und den zahlreichen Maßnahmen, mit denen die israelische Regierung Produktion und Handel im Westjordanland behindert. Die PalĂ€stinensische Autonomiebehörde (PA) ist quasi pleite, da ihr zustehende Einnahmen aus Zöllen und Steuern von der israelischen Regierung zurĂŒckgehalten werden und die PA dadurch etwa zwei Drittel ihrer Finanzmittel verliert. Damit droht ein »Systemzusammenbruch«, so die Weltbank.
Im Gazastreifen wiederum erlaubte die israelische Blockade bereits vor dem jĂŒngsten Krieg den Einwohnern lediglich ein Leben am Existenzminimum. Bis 2022 war die Wirtschaftsleistung auf den Stand von 1994 zurĂŒckgefallen. Mit dem Krieg ist nun der Rest der Wirtschaft verschwunden. [...]
Den Menschen mangelt es nicht nur an Geld. Dem Krieg sind die grundsĂ€tzlichen materiellen Voraussetzungen einer Gesellschaft zum Opfer gefallen. Das Bildungssystem ist kollabiert, seit Oktober 2023 erhĂ€lt keines der 625 000 Schulkinder mehr Unterricht. Laut SchĂ€tzungen sind etwa 95 Prozent aller Schulen zerstört oder beschĂ€digt. Das Gleiche im Gesundheitssystem: Die Zerstörung der Wasser- und Energieversorgung sowie ein Mangel an Generatoren haben 80 Prozent der PrimĂ€rversorgungszentren funktionsunfĂ€hig gemacht. Gaza ist unbewohnbar geworden.
Ein Wiederaufbau – fĂŒr den sich bislang keine Geldgeber finden – wĂŒrde eine komplette Erneuerung der Infrastruktur bedeuten. Allein die Beseitigung der Schuttmassen dauert Jahrzehnte. Angesichts der umfassenden Zerstörungen, so das PalĂ€stinensische Institut fĂŒr Wirtschaftsforschung (MAS), »hat das Konzept einer â€șwirtschaftlichen Erholungâ€č jede Bedeutung verloren«.

hudsonlacerda@diasporabr.com.br

https://fepal.com.br/unidade-palestina-em-tempos-de-genocidio-e-brics/

#Unidade #palestina em tempos de #genocĂ­dio e #BRICS

Nota PĂșblica — 23/07/2024

O mundo foi novamente surpreendido pelo papel geopolĂ­tico da #China, que ontem anunciou a reconciliação entre as forças polĂ­ticas palestinas, desde as predominantes #Fatah, a maior na OLP (Organização para a Libertação da Palestina), e #Hamas, somadas a #mais outras #12 denominaçÔes de diferentes espectros ideolĂłgicos, quase todas do quadro histĂłrico da #OLP. É a segunda vez, neste ano, que a #reconciliação #palestina Ă© debatida em #Pequim, agora com o anĂșncio, na cerimĂŽnia que hoje encerrou as negociaçÔes, da Declaração de Pequim sobre o Fim da DivisĂŁo e o Fortalecimento da Unidade Nacional Palestina, que proclama a unidade nos marcos da OLP e a construção de governo de unidade nacional.

Saudamos, a partir desta #diĂĄspora #brasileiro-palestina, o encerramento irracional da divisĂŁo polĂ­tica e geogrĂĄfica da resistĂȘncia e do povo palestino e a restauração da unidade nacional, anseio de todos os palestinos, com as seguintes consideraçÔes:

  1. A divisão palestina só interessa à ocupação colonial sionista, que dela se beneficia mais do que das armas ocidentais, responsåveis pela atual fase do genocídio palestino em Gaza, com quase 50 mil civis assassinados em 9 meses, 2,23% da demografia do enclave, dos quais 20 mil são crianças e 12 mil mulheres, podendo chegar a 200 mil o total deste extermínio, conforme recentemente publicado em The Lancet.

  2. Este acordo Ă© construĂ­do, mediado e selado na China, a nova potĂȘncia global que desafia a hegemonia colonial, imperialista e genocidĂĄria ocidental, e paĂ­s que constrĂłi, com Brasil, RĂșssia, Índia e África do Sul, os BRICS e um novo mundo, em que o multilateralismo e o Direito Internacional regem as relaçÔes entre os paĂ­ses e povos.

  3. Assim, Ă© a primeira vez que a QuestĂŁo Palestina Ă© tratada fora das metrĂłpoles coloniais e imperialistas, bem como fora de alguns paĂ­ses ĂĄrabes, que nunca tiveram poder e soberania suficientes para afirmarem-se como garantidores de acordos.

  4. Mais que isso, a China nĂŁo estĂĄ implicada na Nakba, nem patrocina o genocĂ­dio palestino desde 1947, ou seja, Ă© paĂ­s sem as mĂŁos manchadas do sangue palestino e ĂĄrabe, o que lhe dĂĄ a legitimidade moral, Ă©tica e polĂ­tica que falta ao “ocidente”, inventor e avalista de “israel” e de seu Apartheid.

  5. O acordo alcançado em Pequim Ă© tambĂ©m resultado dos esforços da RĂșssia, na qual as forças palestinas estiveram em diversas ocasiĂ”es e que, ao lado da China e demais BRICS, se opĂ”e ao genocĂ­dio palestino em Gaza, pede cessar-fogo desde 8 de outubro e defende um estado palestino livre e soberano.

  6. Os palestinos, de outro lado, dĂŁo as costas ao “ocidente”, seu algoz, que nunca mediou honestamente uma solução para a Palestina, apenas interferiu para beneficiar “israel”, e voltam ao seu leito histĂłrico, antes representado pelo Movimento dos PaĂ­ses NĂŁo Alinhados, no qual a OLP era grande protagonista, agora sob a liderança dos BRICS, paĂ­ses dos quais nĂŁo saem as armas e muniçÔes que exterminam o povo palestino.

  7. A reconciliação em Pequim se då quando em Washington se encontram os genocidas Biden e Netanyahu, em pleno processo eleitoral no qual os EUA escolhem para genocida de plantão entre os sionistas Donald Trump e Kamala Harris, que buscam manter a era dos genocídios, enquanto a Palestina ditarå, com seus aliados, o sepultamento dos genocídios e de suas metrópoles.

  8. Por fim, o contexto da reconciliação e unidade palestina selada em Pequim Ă© o da reação massiva do mundo contra o genocĂ­dio palestino, desde as ruas com milhĂ”es ao Conselho de Segurança da ONU, que determinou um cessar-fogo contra a vontade dos EUA e quase admitiu a Palestina como membro pleno – o veto dos EUA impediu, passando pela Corte Internacional de Justiça, que investiga “israel” por genocĂ­dio, e pelo Tribunal Penal Internacional, que desde 2021 investiga Netanyahu e outros israelenses por crimes de lesa-humanidade e que agora analisa suas prisĂ”es, levando ao banco dos rĂ©us tanto o regime israelense quanto o ocidente, algo antes impensĂĄvel.

É neste grande contexto histĂłrico que, cremos, acontecerĂŁo a reconciliação e o governo de unidade, com todos dentro da OLP, a grande casa palestina, e haverĂĄ um estado palestino soberano, laico, democrĂĄtico, prĂłspero, seguro, regido pelo impĂ©rio da lei e pela supremacia dos direitos humanos. A unidade encerrarĂĄ a ocupação, retornarĂĄ os refugiados, acabarĂĄ com o apartheid sionista e sua limpeza Ă©tnica, reconstruirĂĄ Gaza e toda a Palestina e levarĂĄ Ă  condenação dos responsĂĄveis pelos crimes de lesa-humanidade, incluĂ­da a reparação por toda destruição sofrida pelo povo palestino nestes 77 anos de genocĂ­dio.

#Palestina #Livre a partir do #Brasil, 23 de julho de 2024, 77Âș ano da #Nakba.

#FEPAL

faab64@diasp.org

WTAF: ‘Wrong Sort of Holocaust Survivor’:

“According to the #Guardian, #Independent and #NYT, #Holocaust #Survivors Who Condemn Israel’s Genocide Are The ‘Wrong Sort of Holocaust Survivor’: Interviews with Stephen Kapos, Suzanne Weiss and Rene Lichtman - all Child Survivors of the Holocaust in France and Hungary”

by veteran UK #Socialist, #AntiZionist and #AntiRacist campaigner and author Tony #Greenstein in his 24/06/24 blogpost

PS I can't find the reference anywhere using duckducgo but found this article having that phrase: https://www.jewishvoiceforlabour.org.uk/article/labour-silencing-holocaust-survivors-and-descendants-of-holocaust-survivors/

#Gaza #Palestine #Resistance #ExterminationCamp #Israel #ApartheidIsrael #US #ICJ #ICC #GenocideJoe #Netanyahu #DahiyaDoctrine #HannibalDirective #IDF #SnuffMovies #Zionism #Racism #Pogrom #Nakba #Genocide #FinalSolution #SettlerColonialism #Liberation #LiberationWar #Dehumanization #Hamas #TerroristIsrael #EthnicCleansing #ChildMurder #ChildTorture #Starvation #Disease #Hasbara #Disinformation #InfoWar #CollectivePunishment #TheOccupiedTerritories #WarCrimes #GroundInvasion #BabyMurderers #HospitalDestroyers #CrimesAgainstHumanity #StateSanctionedMurder #OperationAlAqsaFlood #FreePalestine #PermanentCeasefireNoW #GenocideJoe #USComplicity #UKComplicity #EUComplicity

PSS: image from archives

faab64@diasp.org

According to the UN, the number of Palestinian #refugees, who were expelled from Palestinian villages and cities during the #Nakba to Gaza, is approximately 1.4 million out of a total population of over 2 million, constituting two-thirds of the population in the besieged enclave, which has been suffering a new Israeli Nakba for the past seven months.

Rajha Abu Khalifa is one of many refugees in Gaza, who are older than Israel.

#Gaza #SaveGaza #StopIsrael #SaveTheChildren
#palestine #Israel #Politics #PeaceNow #StopTheWar #CeasefireNow

paco146@diaspora.psyco.fr

La Coordination universitaire contre la colonisation en Palestine (CUCCP) appelle à une journée de mobilisation universitaire le 15 mai, jour de la commémoration de la Nakba

#Palestine #Nakba #Israël #colonisation #mobilisation

Stop Ă  la complicitĂ© universitaire avec le GĂ©nocide, Stop Ă  la criminalisation de la solidaritĂ© avec le peuple palestinien, Boycott universitaire d’IsraĂ«l

Le 15 mai marque la date anniversaire de la Nakba – « catastrophe » en arabe – qui renvoie Ă  l’exode forcĂ© de plus de 700 000 Palestinien·nes, chassé·es de leurs terres en 1948 lors des massacres perpĂ©trĂ©s par les milices paramilitaires sionistes puis l’armĂ©e israĂ©lienne. Leurs descendants, 5,9 millions de rĂ©fugiĂ©s se voient encore refuser leur droit au retour par IsraĂ«l (pourtant garanti par la RĂ©solution 194 de l’AssemblĂ©e gĂ©nĂ©rale des Nations unies). Depuis le 7 octobre, 2 millions de Gazaoui·es ont Ă©tĂ© dĂ©placé·es et chassé·es de leur domicile ; soit le plus grand nombre de dĂ©placements forcĂ©s de Palestiniens depuis 1948.

Le gĂ©nocide des Palestinien.nes en cours1apparaĂźt donc comme le prolongement du nettoyage ethnique de la Nakba et de 76 ans d’occupation, de colonisation, d’apartheid2; c’est la volontĂ© d’effacer l’identitĂ©, voire l’existence mĂȘme, des Palestinien.nes qui est Ă  l’Ɠuvre. (..)

faab64@diasp.org

Today marks the 76th anniversary of the Deir Yassin Massacre, when hundreds of armed Zionist militiamen from the pre-1948 #Irgun and #Stern gangs committed one of the cruelest massacres in the history of Palestine.

On April 9, 1948, Zionist gangs raided the village of Deir Yassin, west of #Jerusalem, killing nearly 250 Palestinian civilians, mainly women, children and the elderly. Cases of rape, mutilation and humiliation were documented.

Of nearly 70 #massacres during the 1948 #Nakba, Deir Yassin would become one of those atrocities where almost all the acts of war criminality were unleashed: killing, destruction, pillaging, rape, and displacement.

#DeirYassin is a powerful symbol of Palestinian dispossession, as well as a historical fact that the occupying Israeli regime must confront when retelling its national narrative.

Watch the video documenting the massacre by Jewish Terrorists here: https://www.deiryassin.org/video.html

#SaveGaza #StopIsrael #SaveTheChildren #History #NeverForget #palestine #Israel #Occupation #Apartheid #Politics #PeaceNow #StopTheWar #CeasefireNow

hudsonlacerda@diasporabr.com.br

German memory culture, anti-Semitic Zionists and Palestinian liberation

Germany’s much lauded ‘memory culture’ is pure, empty, self-congratulatory propaganda.

Rachael Shapiro — Anti-Zionist Jewish activist based in Berlin

Published On 1 Mar 20241 Mar 2024

I am a #Jewish #pro-Palestine solidarity activist originally from the #NewYork area and now based in #Berlin. My #grandmother was a #Holocaust survivor from #Cologne who fled to the #UnitedStates during the Second World War at the age of 16. Her parents and much of her family were murdered during the Holocaust. I came “back” to #Germany about five years ago, a decision born largely out of the desire for intergenerational healing for me and for my grandmother, who was alive at the time. I learned German and was able to speak to her in her native language in the last few years of her life. I told her stories about living in Germany, she met some of my friends and she was grateful for the ways in which the country and its people had apparently evolved and atoned for their ugly history.

I am glad she died before I had the opportunity to recognise what a naive, idealistic delusion this was.

In the past few years as I have educated myself, become active in the movement for #Palestinian #liberation and extracted myself from the extreme #Zionist conditioning and #brainwashing baked into the fabric of my upbringing, my appreciation for German “Erinnerungskultur” (“memory culture”) has steeply devolved into the realisation that the entire concept is pure, empty, self-congratulatory propaganda. It is grounded in the intentional, racist displacement of anti-Semitism and responsibility for the Holocaust from the Germans who perpetuated it to the #Arabs, #Muslims and, above all, the #Palestinians, who they now demonise and scapegoat as a deflection and distraction.

A documentary from 1985, Ma’loul Celebrates Its Destruction, provides an account of the destruction of entire villages during the 1948 #Nakba. In it, an interviewer says to a Palestinian man who was displaced: “But they killed six million Jews.” His rightful response is, “Did I kill them? Those who killed them must be held accountable. I haven’t hurt a fly.” The fact that a truth this fundamental has been so deeply buried in the language of “complexity” and “conflict” is a testament to the commitment and breadth of the imperialist narrative disseminated by Israel, the #US and #Germany (and the #West in general). Meanwhile, more than 90 percent of all anti-Semitic incidents in Germany are attributable to the #far-right despite the media’s rampant efforts to ignore statistics, skew the reality of the violence and racism directed at Palestinians, and disguise the true apathy towards the so-called “fight against anti-Semitism”.

While actual incidents of anti-Semitism go largely unpunished, those of us standing in solidarity with Palestine are accustomed to brutal, state-sanctioned violence, repression and surveillance from police and the German government in response to peaceful #protests and #boycotts. This has intensified massively since the #genocide in #Gaza began in October, regularly under the guise of accusations of anti-Semitism and “Judenhass” (“hatred of Jews”). We are accordingly committed to remaining loud and visible, including through our refusal to be excluded from the fight against rising fascism and the extreme-right Alternative for Germany party ( #AfD ).

On February 3, I attended an #anti-AfD demonstration in Berlin as part of the pro-Palestinian bloc with the revolutionary #Marxist group #Sozialismus #von #Unten (“Socialism from Below”), in which I am an active member. I had quite a bit of trepidation about going to this protest after the violent, racist and disturbing experiences of my Palestinian and pro-Palestinian comrades at anti-AfD protests over the past few weeks. Folks protesting the AfD while showing solidarity with Palestine have been ruthlessly harassed, attacked, reported to the police and violently removed by both demonstrators and cops all over Germany.

In general, the #mood was positive, and there seemed to be more of a tangible solidarity in comparison with the earlier demonstrations. I stood with a sign that read, “ #Juedin #gegen die #AfD und #Zionismus, #fuer ein #freies #Palaestina” (“ #Jew #against the #AfD and #Zionism, #for a #free #Palestine”). We handed out flyers encouraging a strategic and systematic mobilisation against the AfD. We spoke to demonstrators about the link between fighting fascism and fighting for Palestinian liberation. We explained that Palestinians in Palestine are currently suffering under the fascist policies we are demonstrating against in Germany, and in Germany, Palestinians and those standing in solidarity with them are already experiencing the concrete infringement and denial of #fundamental #human #rights ( #freedom of speech, freedom of expression, freedom of assembly). We emphasised the importance of unconditional, #international #solidarity.

Some were cautious about engaging, ostensibly out of concern for being viewed as anti-Semitic, but many were curious, interested and open to learning. As much as the mainstream media have tried to distort and mangle news of the ongoing genocide in Gaza, a recent poll showed that among German voters, only 25 percent answered in the affirmative when asked if they believe Israel’s attacks on Gaza are justified; 61 percent believe they are not. The latter cohort was clearly represented at the demonstration.

After about an hour, I came into contact with a representative of the 25 percent of that poll. An older German man with an aggressive expression approached me, stopped in front of me and half-shouted, “So what do you think the #similarities are #between the #AfD and #Israel?” I could tell he had no intention of engaging in a reasonable conversation but nonetheless began trying to explain. After a few words, he rolled his eyes and spat at me.

It is hard to describe the particular shade of red I saw, the sourness of the blood pumping to my head, the bitterness of the fury on my tongue. It looked like the lifeless faces of my great-grandparents at the mercy of #Nazis, deported and murdered in the #Warsaw #Ghetto as they have appeared in my dreams since I was a child. It felt like the fierceness with which I will unconditionally defend the Palestinian resistance, the right of every people to resist their oppressor in any single form, until my last breath. It tasted like the rage and incredulity that have boiled in the corners of all of our mouths as we scream at the top of our lungs, watching the world passively observe the slaughter of Palestinian men, women and children for more than four and a half months – silent, complicit and accompanied by the relentless echo of more than #75 #years of #occupation, #apartheid, #theft, #ethnicCleansing, #lies, #dehumanisation and unforgivable #injustice.

I ran after the man, shouting at him that my family was murdered because of fascism during a genocide – in response to which he spat at me again.

He goaded me: “What do you know? The AfD is a fascist party. What does that have to do with Israel?” I began to state the obvious – “Israel is committing a genocide in Gaza as we speak 
” – but didn’t finish my sentence before he spat in my face for a third time.

As I was shaking, incensed and disgusted, my final comment was, “You are clearly an anti-Semite.” Up to this point in the interaction, he had been condescending and full of contempt, but (as I knew it would) this final shot sent him into a blind rage. As I turned and walked away, he shrieked: “WHAT did you say to me?”

A friend of mine recently said to me, “The #Germans will #never #forgive the #Jews for the #Holocaust.” These words have rung in my ears and sat in my chest with nowhere in particular to go, a hard, ugly truth at the core of German society that precisely reflects my experience living in it. It is bewildering, it is comical, and it is accurate.

From the neo-Nazis of the AfD to “anti-Deutsche” leftists who claim to be combatting German anti-Semitism by obsessively and unconditionally supporting Zionism, many of today’s Germans are brimming with repressed rage towards Jews. Whether they are aware of it or not, this is resoundingly apparent in the deep, hysterical hypocrisy of a reaction such as that of the man at the demonstration – spitting in a Jewish person’s face for standing against fascism and genocide on the basis of her personal, generational relationship to fascism and genocide and becoming enraged at being identified as an anti-Semite accordingly.

This fury is seemingly a reaction to the “injustice” of Germans having to repent for the actions of their ancestors, something they have been widely celebrated for on the global stage. The #resentment takes the form of #narrowmindedness and #bigotry: The only acceptable concepts of #Judaism, #Jewish people and “Jewish life” are those they themselves, #non-Jewish Germans, explicitly sign off on. (Refer to the “anti-Semitism commissioners” claiming to represent the interests of Jewish people in Germany – not a single one of whom is Jewish or an expert in any relevant or related field.) For many Germans, the only palatable Judaism is Zionism, which in fact is no kind of Judaism at all. When forced to contend with perspectives in conflict with this toxic narrative or with Jewishness that doesn’t align with their understanding of it, their anger surfaces violently, explosively. “Anti-Deutsche” weaponise the fetishisation of Jews through their obsessive Zionism to an extreme degree, spearheading aggressive hate and smear campaigns against those who do not share their views (including anti-Zionist Jewish people). How dare anyone, most of all Jews, call into question the authority of Germans in defining and relating to Judaism, anti-Semitism and genocide.

The sick, decades-long collaboration between Israel and Germany and the widespread assertion that Israel’s security is “Germany’s reason of state”(“Staatsraeson”), which upholds Zionist socialisation in the interests of political, racist ends, has created an atmosphere of fear, shame, guilt and ultimately self-righteousness that permeates much of German society. It punishes questions, dissuades education and quashes the necessary understanding of Judaism as a broad, differentiated and historically diasporic culture that existed long before Zionism – and will exist long after.

This designation of all Jews and all Judaism as a single uniform entity, necessarily speaking the same language (modern Hebrew), holding the same values (Zionism) and sharing an identical culture (which in Germany, must be determined by Germans), is, in fact, the precise definition of #anti-Semitic, #Nazistic #racial #segregation and the othering, dehumanising rhetoric they employed in its service. The rigid and inherently anti-Semitic conception of Jews as an undifferentiated people “native” to one land, characterised by the nationalist settler-colonial Zionist movement, has merely served as a #continuation of #Hitler’s #work. It has erased secular Judaism in Europe. It has #eradicated the #Yiddish, #Ladino, #Judeo-Arabic, #Judeo-Persian and #other #Hebraic #languages. Eighty years after the Holocaust, it has succeeded in upholding the view of Jews as a monolith, a foreign nuisance separate from German society, the attempted annihilation of whom can now be exploited to justify the annihilation of another group.

The #tradition of #policing #Jewishness has been passed down in Germany for generations now, which, as in the case of the man at the anti-AfD demonstration, revolves not just around an established, homogenous definition of Jews but, crucially, also the exclusive right and obligation of the Germans to dictate it.

So what are we left with? I believe we can see it in our aforementioned statistic. The majority of Germans know, despite what they have been raised and conditioned to believe, that at the very least, what is going on in Gaza is wrong. Many can see that there is something significant and conspicuous missing in the mainstream narrative around anti-Semitism, Israel and Palestine. I would venture that the majority of those in the streets marching against the AfD are doing it because they genuinely want to stand on the right side of history. Meanwhile, what is in reality a minority is simply louder, angrier and more visible in propagating their anti-Arab, anti-Muslim and anti-Palestinian racism, anti-Semitism and pro-genocide views and, in being so, intimidate the rest into docile silence.

#No #one in the mainstream German #media has reported on my experience at the anti-AfD protest. Given the cultural context, this is not a surprise. But highlighting this hypocrisy and the prevailing, ever-more destructive narratives illustrated by such an incident represents a powerful opportunity for education and empowerment. Calling out the root causes and social backdrop of this moment make them available and necessary for all to grapple with. As so many are stepping into the streets, it is our responsibility to arm them with the facts as fuel, to enable every single person to raise their voice and know decisively what they speak for and what they speak against. We will continue – with more resolve than ever – in the fight for a free Palestine and in mobilising in this way against racism, Zionism, (actual) anti-Semitism, fascism and genocide. We will repeat it again and again until the rhythm of our words becomes the heartbeat of a society that attempts to snuff out our resistance but will ultimately fail at doing so: Never again means never again for anybody.


The views expressed in this article are the author’s own and do not necessarily reflect Al Jazeera’s editorial stance.

berternste2@diasp.nl

‘Mannen in de zon’: meeslepende klassieker van de Palestijnse literatuur

NRC

Roman - Ghassan Kanafani vertelt in Mannen in de zon een klein verhaal waarin grote thema’s van de Palestijnse literatuur naar voren komen: ballingschap, verlies en verzet. Met meer dan honderd miljoen ontheemden op aarde nu des te prangender.

(Tekst loopt door onder de foto.)

Foto van expositie van foto’s
Expositie in Gaza-Stad July 16 2017, opgedragen aan de nagedachtenis van Ghassan Kanafani. Foto ANP / Zuma Press.

Wat te doen als je niet terug kan naar de plek waar je vandaan komt? Het is de vraag waar de Palestijnse schrijver Ghassan Kanafani (1936-1972), pionier van de Palestijnse verzetsliteratuur, zijn leven lang mee worstelde. (...)

Mannen in de zon is het verhaal van drie Palestijnse vluchtelingen die eind jaren vijftig proberen de grens tussen Irak en Koeweit over te steken. Het is ongeveer tien jaar na de Nakba van 1948 (Arabisch voor ‘catastrofe’), waarin meer dan 700 duizend Palestijnen moesten vluchten voor wat de IsraĂ«liĂ«rs hun Onafhankelijkheidsoorlog noemen. De drie vluchtelingen besluiten ieder op hun beurt mee te gaan met Aboe al-Khaizoeraan, een Palestijn die voor de Nakba chauffeur was in het Britse leger maar nu dienst doet als chauffeur van een rijke zakenman. Met mensensmokkel als bijverdienste probeert hij zijn inkomsten te verhogen.

De drie Palestijnse vluchtelingen komen ieder uit een andere generatie. Er is de oude Abu Kais, die verdwaalt in zijn nostalgische herinneringen aan Palestina onder Brits bestuur. Hij kan zijn gedwongen ontheemding nauwelijks verteren, en maalt jarenlang over de ‘tien bomen met knoestige stammen, die je elk voorjaar weer olijven en andere goede gaven schonken. In Koeweit zijn geen bomen.’

Dan hebben we As’ad, een volwassen man, wantrouwig en strijdbaar. In een ander leven was hij misschien een intimiderende zakenman geweest, maar als vluchteling slaagt hij er niet in een sterke positie in te nemen. (...)

Tenslotte is er de jonge Marwaan, geboren na de Nakba in een vluchtelingenkamp. Omstandigheden dwingen hem ertoe al veel te vroeg verantwoordelijkheid te nemen. (...)

De zon schijnt onvermoeibaar door en gunt de reizigers geen moment rust. Het doet denken aan Camus’ klassieker De vreemdeling. (...)

Mannen in de zon kun je gemakkelijk lezen als een symbolisch verhaal van Palestijnen na de Nakba. Het is niet moeilijk om in het werk een kritiek te lezen op de wijze waarop omringende Arabische landen, ondanks de vele solidariteitsverklaringen, de Palestijnse vluchtelingen nauwelijks hebben geholpen. (...)

Maar de roman ontstijgt tegelijkertijd de specifieke Palestijnse situatie van de jaren vijftig. Het verhaal roept ook algemene vragen op over migratie, het vluchtelingenvraagstuk en gastvrijheid. Met dit jaar voor het eerst meer dan honderd miljoen ontheemden op aarde, lijken deze vragen nu des te prangender. (...)

Kanafani houdt de vaart er goed in. Voor je het weet bevind je je als lezer al aan de andere kant van de grens. Mannen in de zon verveelt geen moment, wat toch knap is voor een verhaal dat zich voornamelijk afspeelt in een vrachtwagen tegen een leeg woestijnlandschap.

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Tags: #nederlands #boeken #literatuur #palestina #palestijnen #israel #nakba #vluchtelingen #mensensmokkelaars #kanafani

faab64@diasp.org

Israel's attacks on Palestinians are nothing short of genocide. We are living through a second #Nakba.

The entire world must hold Israel to account.
Tell members of the International Court of Justice to charge Israel with #genocide!

#ICC #WarCrime #Palestine #Gaza #Politics
https://www.codepink.org/icj